Download letrozole- an anti breast cancer

LETROZOLE- AN ANTI
BREAST CANCER DRUG
LOC HUA
CHEMISTRY 12B- SEMINAR
# 11
AN OVERVIEW OF BREAST
CANCER
1.
What is breast cancer?
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A single cell in a tissue undergoes transformation which converts a normal cell to a cancer cell.
The cell evades destruction, it proliferates to form a tumor, a mass of abnormal cells within
otherwise normal tissue.
If the abnormal cell remain at the original site, the lump is called a begin tumor.
A malignant tumor becomes invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs. At
this point the tumor is cancer.
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AN OVERVIEW OF BREAST
CANCER
2.
What factors can cause breast cancer?
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Women over 40 have higher risks of breast cancer
Native Americans, Hispanics, and Asians have lower rates of breast cancer than
Caucasians and African Americans
Genetic factor and family history
Because growth of breast tissue is highly sensitive to estrogens, the more a women is
exposed to estrogen over her lifetime, the higher the risk for breast cancer
Pregnancy appears to increase the risk of breast cancer for up to 15 years following
the first birth, particularly in older women
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AN OVERVIEW OF BREAST
CANCER
3. Stages of Breast Cancer
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Stage 0: This means that paitient either have DCIS which is an early age of breast
cancer or LCIS which is not a cancer but increase the chance to have breast cancer.
Stage I: cancer is less than 1 inch across. The cancer is only in the breast and has
not spread out.
Stage II: cancer is about 1 to 2 inches or larger and has spread to the lymph nodes
under arm
Stage III: cancer has spread to tissues near the breast (skin or chest wall, including
the ribs and the muscles in the chest). cancer has spread to lymph nodes inside the
chest wall along the breast bone.
Stage IV: This stage is defined by either of the following: the cancer has spread to
other organs of the body, most often the bones, lungs, liver, or brain. the tumor has
spread locally to the skin and lymph nodes inside the neck, near the collarbone.
Recurrent: In this stage, the cancer has come back (recurred) after treatment. It may
come back in the breast, in the soft tissues of the chest (the chest wall), or in another
part of the body.
AN OVERVIEW OF BREAST
CANCER
4.
Statistics of Breast Cancer
Structure and Synthesis Letrozole
1.
Pharmacology of Letrozole
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A type of drug called an aromatase inhibitor which work by limiting the ability
of an enzyme called aromatase to create estrogen.
Letrozole comes in pill form and is taken once a day. It’s also called Femara.
Letrozole is a drug for patients that have been taking Tamoxifen for five
years.
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Structure and Synthesis Letrozole
2.
Synthesis Letrolzole
Structure and Synthesis Letrozole
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structure
Structure and Synthesis Letrozole
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FT -IR of Letrozole
Show the
amine group
Show the
nitriles group
Show the
aromatic ring
Structure and Synthesis Letrozole
1H NMR
13C NMR
Structure and Synthesis Letrozole
Carbon Chemical Shift (ppm)
66.36
Proton Chemical Shift (ppm)
6.81 (singlet)
Atom Number and Notes
1 (alkyl methine)
113.29
1,1' (benzene rings)
117.82
19, 21 (benzene rings)
128.9
7.70, 7.72 (doublet)
3, 5, 3', 5' (benzene rings)
132.91
7.28, 7.30 (doublet)
2, 6, 2', 6' (benzene rings)
141.76
4, 4' (benzene rings)
143.68
8.09 (singlet)
5 (triazole ring)
153.05
8.07 (singlet)
3 (triazole ring)
Comparison between Tamoxifen and Letrozole
Tamoxifen
Letrozole
1. Long term
working
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After 5 years the drug becomes
ineffective
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2. Effect
 no effect on the production of estrogen
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3. Physical effect
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Effect on women sexual function,
memory loss, stroke
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4. Pregnancy
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affect on the fetus
Continue after 5 years treatment
A very powerful aromatase
inhibitor, suppresses the production
of estrogen
hot flashes, sweating, edema,
sore muscles and fatigue
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cause fetal harm when
administered to pregnant women
Reference
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http://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/pressreleases/letrozoleQand
A
http://www.drugs.com/pdr/Femara_Tablets.html
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http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/programs/forensicsci/microgram/journ
al071203/mj071203_pg6.html
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http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2003/20726se8008_Femara_l
bl.pdf#search='synthesis%20letrozole‘
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http://www.sante.univnantes.fr/pharma/biocit/publispdf/p34.pdf
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http://www.reutershealth.com/wellconnected/doc06.html