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Provided Courtesy of RD411.com Where health care professionals go for information Men’s Health Contributed by Shawna Gornick-Ilagan, MS, RD, CWPC Review Date 10/09 G-1120 Objectives • Determine the leading cause of death in men • Learn ways to reduce or prevent causes of death • Understand about the important of preventive screenings Average Life Span • Men: ? • Women: ? • Including all races in America Average Life Span • Men: 74.8 • Women: 80.1 • Including all races in America • Among people over 100 years old, 85% are women Why the Difference? • Men eat more foods that raise cholesterol (red meat) • Men are more reluctant to seek preventative exams compared to women • More than 7 million American men have not seen a doctor in more than 10 years • Men do not feel comfortable talking about their health with their doctor • Excluding pregnancy, women make twice as many preventive care visits as men Why Not Take Care of Yourself? • Taught from a young age: “Boys don’t cry!” • Taught to show toughness, not weakness – Study found two thirds of men would not even go to the doctor if they were experiencing chest pain or shortness of breath—early signs of a heart attack Why Not Take Care of Yourself? (cont’d) • Men do not deal with stress as well as women – Internalize instead of letting it out – Stress contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) • “Testosterone storm” – Risky behavior • Suicide – More likely to succeed Leading Causes of Death in Men (2004) • • • • • • • • • • Heart disease: 27.2% Cancer: 24.3% Unintentional injuries: 6.1% Stroke: 5% Chronic lower respiratory disease: 5% Diabetes: 3% Influenza and pneumonia: 2.3% Suicide: 2.2% Kidney disease: 1.7% Alzheimer’s disease: 1.6% Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/men/lcod/index.htm Preventing Heart Disease and Stroke 7 Steps to a Healthier You! 1. Know your numbers 2. Maintain a healthy weight – – – – Cholesterol (LDL=lousy, HDL=healthy) Triglyceride Blood pressure Glucose 3. Stay physically active HDL=high-density lipoprotein, LDL=low-density lipoprotein Preventing Heart Disease and Stroke 7 Steps to a Healthier You! (cont’d) 4. Do not smoke (two to three times greater risk of death) 5. Manage stress 6. Limit alcohol 7. Eat heart healthy Major Risk Factors That You Can Not Change • Increasing age • Gender (male) • Heredity (including race) How Men Can Manage Stress • Avoid stressful situations, whenever possible • Practice deep breathing • Exercise • Change your thinking – Do not fret about things you can do nothing about Imagery Preventing Lung Cancer and Emphysema • Quit smoking NOW • Listen to Mom—eat those fruits and vegetables • Have your home tested for radon Preventing Lung Cancer and Emphysema (cont’d) • Know what you are exposed to on the job – It’s your right to know about what you are exposed to (fumes, dust, chemicals, etc) – Gasoline, diesel exhaust, arsenic, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, and chloromethyl ethers are carcinogens found in some work environments – Talk to your employer about limiting your exposure Preventing Lung Cancer and Emphysema (cont’d) • Keep away from second-hand smoke – This smoke contains more than 60 known carcinogens – Carcinogens interrupt normal cell development – This interference of cell development is what causes the cancer process Health Benefits of Quitting • Within 2 days of quitting: Improved sense of smell and taste • 1-3 months: Reduced coughing and relief of sore throat • 1 year: Risk of heart attack or sudden death cut in half • 2-3 years: Risk of heart attack (in people without CVD) is as low as lifelong nonsmokers • 5-10 years: Risk of stroke is that of a lifelong nonsmoker The 5 Ds to Help Quit Smoking 1. Drink water – Slowly sip clear water – Drink up to eight glasses/day – Water helps flush nicotine out of your body 2. Breathe deeply – Take 10 slow, deep breaths—in through your nose and out through your mouth, ever so slowly – This will help you stop thinking about cigarettes The 5 Ds to Help Quit Smoking (cont’d) 3. Do something else – Focus on doing something you like to do, rather than smoking – This will help you stop thinking about cigarettes 4. Discuss – Talk with a friend or family member about what is happening to you – Tell them how you are feeling – Share your thoughts—it helps The 5 Ds to Help Quit Smoking (cont’d) 5. Delay – – – – Allow some time Do not reach for that cigarette right away Count to 200 and then to 250 Urges to smoke pass in 3-5 minutes How to Prevent Diabetes • Increased fruit and vegetable consumption • Increase fiber intake • Decreased fat intake • Regular exercise • Most important: – Maintain a healthy weight – Know your body mass index (BMI) Normal Process Insulin Diabetes: Type 2 = Fat Insulin BMI (kg/m2) 19 20 21 22 23 24 Normal Weight Height 25 26 27 28 29 Increased Risk 30 35 40 High Risk 58 91 96 100 105 110 115 119 124 129 134 138 143 167 191 59 94 99 104 109 114 119 124 128 133 138 143 148 173 198 60 97 102 107 112 118 123 128 133 138 143 148 153 179 204 61 100 106 111 116 122 127 132 137 143 148 153 158 185 211 62 104 109 115 120 126 131 136 142 147 153 158 164 191 218 63 107 113 118 124 130 135 141 146 152 158 163 169 197 225 64 110 116 122 128 134 140 145 151 157 163 169 174 204 232 65 114 120 126 132 138 144 150 156 162 168 174 180 210 240 66 118 124 130 136 142 148 155 161 167 173 179 186 216 247 67 121 127 134 140 146 153 159 166 172 178 185 191 223 255 68 125 131 138 144 151 158 164 171 177 184 190 197 230 262 69 128 135 142 149 155 162 169 176 182 189 196 203 236 270 70 132 139 146 153 160 167 174 181 188 195 202 207 243 278 71 136 143 150 157 165 172 179 186 193 200 208 215 250 286 72 140 147 154 162 169 177 184 191 199 206 213 221 258 294 73 144 151 159 166 174 182 189 197 204 212 219 227 265 302 74 148 155 163 171 179 186 194 202 210 218 225 233 272 311 75 152 160 168 176 184 192 200 208 216 224 232 240 279 319 76 156 164 172 180 189 197 205 213 221 230 238 246 287 328 Preventing Injuries • Wear a seat belt, even on short trips • Follow the speed limit • Do not drink and drive (also applies to those you are with) • Wear a helmet (no exceptions), when riding a bicycle, motorcycle, or other vehicle that requires one • Manage stress Preventing Injuries (cont’d) • • • • • • • Stay active to prevent falls Use appropriate lifting techniques Practice gun safety Take safety precautions Ask for help when you need it Practice safe sex Protect yourself from the sun 2009 Estimated Cancer Deaths in the United States Preventing Colorectal Cancer • Highly curable if you catch it early • After the first abnormal cell starts to grow into a polyp, it usually takes 10-15 years to develop into colorectal cancer • Screening or testing is one of the most powerful weapons in preventing colorectal cancer • People with no identified risk factors (other than age) should begin regular screening at age 50 Source: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_6X_ Colorectal_Cancer_Early_Detection_10.asp Preventing Colorectal Cancer (cont’d) • Those who have a family history or other risk factors for colorectal polyps or cancer, such as inflammatory bowel disease, should talk with their doctor about starting screening at a younger age and/or getting screened at more frequent intervals Why Is a Colonoscopy Important? • 1 in 16 men will develop colorectal cancer in their lifetime • Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer in the US and is the third leading cause (after lung cancer) of cancer-related deaths • In 1 year, more than 150,000 people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer and more than one third of them die of it Why Is a Colonoscopy Important? (cont’d) • Most colorectal cancer develops from polyps that grow in the colon • While not all polyps become cancerous, enough do become cancerous or precancerous that detecting and removing them is important for preventing cancer and measuring your risk of it Why Is a Colonoscopy Important? (cont’d) • Colonoscopy also is used to obtain information related to other conditions, such as: – Gastroenteritis – Colitis Preventing Colorectal Cancer • You can lower the risk of developing colorectal cancer by managing the risk factors you can control, such as: – Diet – Physical activity – Maintaining a healthy weight American Cancer Society Recommendations • Eat a healthy diet, with emphasis on plant sources • Choose foods and beverages in amounts that help achieve and maintain a healthy weight • Eat five or more servings of a variety of fruits and vegetables each day • Choose whole grains, rather than processed (refined) grains • Limit eating of processed and red meats What Is Prostate Cancer? • Prostate cancer is made up of cells that do not grow normally What Is Prostate Cancer? (cont’d) • The cells divide and create new cells that the body does not need, forming a mass of tissue called a tumor What Cause Prostate Cancer? • As with many types of cancer, medical experts do not know what causes prostate cancer • Researchers are studying several possible causes Can You Prevent Prostate Cancer? • We do know that the following contribute to overall good health: – Eating a healthy diet – Staying physically active – Seeing your doctor How Common Is Prostate Cancer? Is Prostate Cancer Serious? • Among the leading causes of deaths in men, prostate cancer is second, behind lung disease • When compared with all causes of death in men older than age 45, prostate cancer ranks fifth Symptoms of Prostate Cancer • Many men with prostate cancer often have no symptoms • If symptoms appear, they can include: – Blood in the urine – Need to urinate frequently, especially at night – Weak or interrupted urine flow – Pain or burning feeling while urinating – Constant pain in the lower back, pelvis, or upper thighs Symptoms of Prostate Cancer (cont’d) • If you have any of the symptoms listed on the previous slide, see your doctor as soon as possible • Symptoms sometimes are caused by other prostate problems that are not cancer, such as an infection or enlarged prostate What Does “Screening” Mean? • Screening means looking for signs of disease in people who have no symptoms • Screening for prostate cancer is looking for early-stage disease, when treatment is possibly more effective Main Screening Tools for Prostate Cancer • Digital rectal examination (DRE) • Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test • The DRE and PSA test can not tell if you have cancer—they suggest the need for further tests How Accurate Are the Screening Tests? • No test is right all of the time; the same is true of the PSA test and DRE • If 100 men over age 50 take the test: – 85 will have a normal PSA (though a small number of these men will have a cancer that was missed by the PSA test) – 15 will have a higher than normal PSA and require further tests; after further testing, results show: 12 do not have prostate cancer 3 have prostate cancer Skin Cancer • Skin cancer is the most common cancer for all men and women • You are at greater risk if you have: – Family history of skin cancer – Many moles (more than 50 on your entire body) or large moles – Skin that burns easily • Despite these risks, sun exposure is the single most preventable risk factor for all skin cancers Best Defense Against Skin Cancer • Limit time spent outdoors when the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays are the highest (10 AM-4 PM) • Do not use tanning beds or sunlamps, which also give off harmful UV rays • Apply water-resistant sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15 that protects against UVA and UVB rays Best Defense Against Skin Cancer (cont’d) • Reapply sunscreen every 1½ hours or after swimming or sweating • Use sunscreen even on cloudy days • Wear protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats, long sleeves, and sunglasses • Check for changes in the way your skin normally looks or for sores that will not heal Best Defense Against Skin Cancer (cont’d) • Remember, skin cancer is very treatable when found early Daily Steps to Health • Manage stress • Get enough sleep • Do not smoke – Telephonic Smokeless 1-800-345-2476 – 1-800-QUIT NOW, a free national program (http://www.smokefree.gov) • Stay physically active – 30 minutes or more of moderate physical activity most days of the week Daily Steps to Health (cont’d) • Eat a healthy diet – Emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products – Include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts in your diet – Eat foods that are low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars Daily Steps to Health (cont’d) • Stay at a healthy weight – Balance calories from foods and beverages with calories you burn off by your activities – To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make small decreases in food and beverage calories and increase your physical activity Daily Steps to Health (cont’d) • Drink alcohol only in moderation – If you drink alcohol, have no more than two drinks/day – A standard drink is: 12 fluid ounces (fl oz) of beer or wine cooler 5 fl oz of wine 1.5 fl oz of 80-proof distilled spirits You and Your Doctor • If you can not remember the last time you had a complete physical, pick up the phone and make an appointment • The time to see your doctor is not when you are hooked up to life support—it is now when you are feeling healthy Would you let your car go 10 years without an oil change? Health Screenings and You • Visit: http://www.womenshealth.gov/scre eningcharts/men • Talk to your doctor about screenings • Screenings are your role in prevention • Getting regular checkups, preventive screening tests, and immunizations are important things you can do for yourself Health Screenings and You (cont’d) • Share your family history with your doctor • Speak up and voice your concerns about your health • Always ask questions Medicines to Prevent Disease • Aspirin: Ask your doctor about taking aspirin to prevent heart disease if you are: – Older than age 45 – Younger than age 45 and: Have high blood pressure Have high cholesterol Have diabetes Smoke Medicines to Prevent Disease (cont’d) • Immunizations: Stay up to date with your immunizations: – Get a flu shot every year, starting at age 50 – If you are younger than age 50, ask your doctor if you should get a flu shot – Get a pneumonia shot once you turn age 65 – If you are younger than age 65, ask your doctor whether you need a pneumonia shot