Download BREAST CANCER AWARENESS

European Breast Health Day
Hayatt - Ruqayah Abdulwahab Alqatami Breast Cancer Foundation
in collaboration with the Polish Presidency in the Council of the European Union
BREAST CANCER AWARENESS
MAKE HEALTHY CHOICES
Sheraton Kuwait , Crystal Ballroom
15 October 2011
BREAST CANCER
AWARENESS
Dr Salah Fayaz
October 2011
What is a Breast?
• The breast is composed
mainly of fatty tissue, which
contains a network of lobes
made up of tiny, tube-like
structures called lobules that
contain milk glands
• Tiny ducts connect the
glands, lobules, and lobes,
and carry the milk from the
lobes to the nipple
• Blood and lymph vessels run
throughout the breast
• About 90% of all breast
cancers start in the ducts or
lobes of the breast
Breast Cancer
• Breast cancer is one of the commonest cancers in
the world today. There are nearly 600 000 new
cases of breast cancer each year. The disease is
commoner in the west than in Asia and Africa. The
incidence is low in Japan.
• The uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells
• It is not a single disease. Rather, it is a mixture of
cancerous diseases. As two patients may have
different diseases, and the ideal treatment for one,
may not be the same for another.
Statistics cont.
• For women in the U.S.and the U.K. breast cancer
death rates are higher than those for any other
cancer, besides lung cancer.
• Besides skin cancer, breast cancer is the most
commonly diagnosed cancer among U.S. women.
More than 1 in 4 cancers in women (about 28%)
are breast cancer.
• In 2010, there were more than 2.5 million breast
cancer survivors in the U.S.
Statistics
•About 1 in 8 women in the United States (between 12
and 13%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the
course of her lifetime.
•In 2010, over 200,000 new cases of invasive breast
cancer were diagnosed in women in the U.S., along
with over 50,000 new cases of non-invasive (in situ)
breast cancer.
•About 1,900 new cases of invasive breast cancer were
diagnosed in men. Less than 1% of all new breast
cancer cases occur in men.
Statistics cont.
• 50,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each
year in the UK. That's one every 10 minutes.
• About 300 men are diagnosed each year also.
• There are an estimated 550,000 people living in the UK
today who have had a diagnosis of breast cancer.
• Just over 12,000 people die from breast cancer in the UK
each year.
Statistics (Kuwait)
• Breast cancer is ranked the most frequent type of
malignancy diagnosed in Kuwait, with 1 in 5 cases of
malignancies diagnosed in women being breast cancer.
• In 2008, 313 new cases of breast cancer presented to
the KCCC accounting for 22% of the 1,438 new
malignancy cases.
• The mean age of the patients was around 50 years
which is much lower than the average age range of 60 65 years in western countries.
• Only 20 - 25% were diagnosed with early breast cancer.
• About 10% of the cases were diagnosed with disease
already spread to distant sites on first diagnoses.
Statistics cont.
Statistics cont.
• Death rates from breast cancer have been
decreasing since 1991. These decreases are
thought to be the result of treatment advances,
earlier detection through screening, and increased
awareness, and decreased use of HRT.
Risk Factors
Risk factors you can control
•Weight
•Diet
•Exercise
•Alcohol consumption
•Smoking
•Exposure to estrogen
•Stress and anxiety
Risk Factors cont.
Risk factors you can’t control
• Gender
• Age
• Family history of breast cancer
• Personal history of breast cancer
• Race
• Radiation therapy to the chest
• Breast cellular changes
• Exposure to estrogen
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• A personal history of ovarian cancer
• A genetic predisposition (such as mutations to the BRCA1 or BRCA2
genes)
Breast Cancer Prevention
• Chemo-prevention: Tamoxifen
• Strong and different screening for high risk women
• Considering prophylactic mastectomy in women
with related genetic mutations.
Fallacies
• Finding a lump in your breast means you have
breast cancer.
• Men do not get breast cancer.
• A mammogram can cause breast cancer.
• Breast cancer is contagious.
• Antiperspirants and deodorants cause breast
cancer.
• Biopsies cause spread of the cancer.
• Breast cancer is always hereditary.
Breast Cancer and Early Detection
• Early diagnosis means a better chance of successful
treatment
• Self examination is an essential part of early detection
• Mammography is the best tool doctors have to screen
for breast cancer and can detect cancers too small to
be felt
• Recommendations differ; many state that women
obtain a mammogram each year, starting at the age of
40
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used for
very high risk women
Survival
•5-YEAR SURVIVAL RATE BY STAGE
Stage 0
100%
Stage I
98%
Stage II
88%
Stage IIIA
56%
Stage IIIB
49%
Stage IV
16%
Stage I Breast Cancer
• The tumor is small and
has not spread to the
lymph nodes
Stage II Breast Cancer
• Stage IIa breast cancer describes a
smaller tumor that has spread to the
axillary lymph nodes (lymph nodes
under the arm), or a medium-sized
tumor that has not spread to the
axillary lymph nodes
• Stage IIa may also describe cancer
in the axillary lymph nodes with no
evidence of a tumor in the breast
•Stage IIb breast cancer
describes a medium-sized tumor
that has spread to the axillary
lymph nodes
•Stage IIb may also describe a
larger tumor that has not spread
to the axillary lymph nodes
Stage III Breast Cancer
•
Stage IIIb breast
Stage IIIa breast cancer has spread to
cancer describes the chest wall, or caused
any size tumor swelling or ulceration of
that has spread the breast, or is
diagnosed as
to the lymph
inflammatory breast
nodes
cancer
Stage IIIc breast
cancer has spread
to distant lymph
nodes but has not
spread to distant
parts of the body
Stage IV Breast Cancer
• Stage IV (metastatic)
breast cancer can be
any size and has
spread to distant sites
in the body, usually the
bones, lungs or liver, or
chest wall
Self-Breast Examination
•If breast cancer is found early, most women can be treated with
success. That is why routine breast self-exams, mammography,
and checkups by your doctor are vital.
•By doing a monthly breast self-exam, you learn how your
breasts feel. This helps you detect any changes or signs of a
problem. All women should do the exam once a month. This
includes women who
– have gone through menopause
– are pregnant
– are breast-feeding
– have breast implants
How to Do a Breast Self-Exam
The best time to do the breast self-exam
is a few days after your period ends each
month. Your breasts are less tender or
swollen at this time. If you are not having
periods, try to do the exam on the same
day each month. Some women choose
the first day of each month to help them
remember. There are two parts to a breast
self-exam—looking and feeling.
Signs of a Problem
If you notice any of these symptoms during your breast selfexam, call your doctor:
• A lump
• Swelling
• Skin irritation
• Dimpling
• Pain
• Nipple retraction (nipple turns in)
• Redness of nipple or breast skin
• Scaly nipple or breast skin
• Nipple discharge
Any lump should be checked right away. Tests may be needed.
In some cases, a biopsy may be done to look at the tissue.
Breast Imaging
Breast Imaging
Proposed indications for using MRI for screening include:
1. Strong family history of breast cancer
2. Patients with BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 oncogene mutations
3. Evaluation of women with breast implants
4. History of previous lumpectomy or breast biopsy surgeries
Biopsy
How is Breast Cancer Treated?
• Treatment depends on stage of cancer
• More than one treatment may be used
–
–
–
–
–
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy
Targeted therapy
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Thank you