PDF Version - US Preventive Services Task Force
... 2012), Scopus, and reference lists were searched for English-language studies of benefits and harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions to reduce BRCArelated cancer and mortality. Data Synthesis: Thirteen general risk models, such as the Gail model, are modest ...
... 2012), Scopus, and reference lists were searched for English-language studies of benefits and harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions to reduce BRCArelated cancer and mortality. Data Synthesis: Thirteen general risk models, such as the Gail model, are modest ...
Full guideline
... diagnosed with breast cancer, upto one in five has a family history of the disease. Where there is a history in the family of several breast or other cancers, such as ovarian or prostate cancer, this may increase an individual’s risk of developing breast cancer, much of this excess risk is at a youn ...
... diagnosed with breast cancer, upto one in five has a family history of the disease. Where there is a history in the family of several breast or other cancers, such as ovarian or prostate cancer, this may increase an individual’s risk of developing breast cancer, much of this excess risk is at a youn ...
(NCCN Guidelines®) Breast Cancer Risk Reduction
... dIncludes fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancers. BRCA-related ovarian cancers are associated with epithelial non-mucinous histology. Other cancer genetic syndromes may be associated with mucinous ovarian cancer. Non-epithelial ovarian cancer may be associated with PJS and possibly other canc ...
... dIncludes fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancers. BRCA-related ovarian cancers are associated with epithelial non-mucinous histology. Other cancer genetic syndromes may be associated with mucinous ovarian cancer. Non-epithelial ovarian cancer may be associated with PJS and possibly other canc ...
Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis
... models that are largely dependent on family history (eg, Claus, BRCAPRO, BOADICEA, Tyrer-Cuzick). See NCCN Guidelines for Breast Cancer Risk Reduction. is variation in recommendations for initiation of screening for different genetic syndromes. See NCCN Guidelines for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Asse ...
... models that are largely dependent on family history (eg, Claus, BRCAPRO, BOADICEA, Tyrer-Cuzick). See NCCN Guidelines for Breast Cancer Risk Reduction. is variation in recommendations for initiation of screening for different genetic syndromes. See NCCN Guidelines for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Asse ...
Predictors of Contralateral Breast Cancer in BRCA Negative Women
... include breast self exam beginning at the age of 18 and a clinical breast exam every year beginning at the age of 25. It is also recommended that these women receive mammograms and MRIs starting at the age of 25. Women who test positive can be offered prophylactic mastectomies to reduce their risk o ...
... include breast self exam beginning at the age of 18 and a clinical breast exam every year beginning at the age of 25. It is also recommended that these women receive mammograms and MRIs starting at the age of 25. Women who test positive can be offered prophylactic mastectomies to reduce their risk o ...
Advice about familial aspects of breast cancer and epithelial ovarian
... Sometimes there is a fault in one copy of a gene which stops that gene working properly. This fault is called a mutation. There are several genes for which inherited faults may be involved in the development of breast or ovarian cancer. These are genes which normally prevent a woman developing breas ...
... Sometimes there is a fault in one copy of a gene which stops that gene working properly. This fault is called a mutation. There are several genes for which inherited faults may be involved in the development of breast or ovarian cancer. These are genes which normally prevent a woman developing breas ...
Breast Density as an Independent Risk Factor for Cancer
... The decrease in PBD with age has been attributed to involution of breast tissue. This paradox contributes to some confusion as to the importance of breast density as a risk factor for malignancy. Involution of breast tissue occurs first peripherally, with progressive radiolucent changes on the mammo ...
... The decrease in PBD with age has been attributed to involution of breast tissue. This paradox contributes to some confusion as to the importance of breast density as a risk factor for malignancy. Involution of breast tissue occurs first peripherally, with progressive radiolucent changes on the mammo ...
Breast Cancer: Early Detection
... copy of this gene has been linked to a high rate of breast cancer in some families. • TP53: The TP53 gene gives instructions for making a protein called p53 that helps stop the growth of abnormal cells. Inherited mutations of this gene cause the LiFraumeni syndrome. People with this syndrome have an ...
... copy of this gene has been linked to a high rate of breast cancer in some families. • TP53: The TP53 gene gives instructions for making a protein called p53 that helps stop the growth of abnormal cells. Inherited mutations of this gene cause the LiFraumeni syndrome. People with this syndrome have an ...
Gene Expression Profiling and Biomarker Testing
... Uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to interrogate selected proliferation-related and endocrine signaling-related genes, and may identify a subset of postmenopausal women who are at increased risk of late relapses for ER+ breast cancer and who may derive a greater benefit from extended hormone ther ...
... Uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to interrogate selected proliferation-related and endocrine signaling-related genes, and may identify a subset of postmenopausal women who are at increased risk of late relapses for ER+ breast cancer and who may derive a greater benefit from extended hormone ther ...
Prostate and breast cancer surveillance in unaffected male BRCA2
... Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; 3Centre for Health & Society, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; Background: Results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that significantly contribute ...
... Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; 3Centre for Health & Society, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; Background: Results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that significantly contribute ...
Breast Cancer Prevention and Early Detection What is breast cancer
... Hormone therapy using estrogen (often combined with progesterone) has been used for many years to help relieve symptoms of menopause and to help prevent osteoporosis (thinning of the bones). Earlier studies suggested it might have other health benefits as well, but those benefits have not been found ...
... Hormone therapy using estrogen (often combined with progesterone) has been used for many years to help relieve symptoms of menopause and to help prevent osteoporosis (thinning of the bones). Earlier studies suggested it might have other health benefits as well, but those benefits have not been found ...
Concise Handbook of Familial Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes
... hereditary cancer syndromes are derived from evaluation of highly selected families. The inability to characterize the population from which such families are ascertained imposes major constraints on one’s ability to generalize these observations, particularly in estimating cancer risk. Alternativel ...
... hereditary cancer syndromes are derived from evaluation of highly selected families. The inability to characterize the population from which such families are ascertained imposes major constraints on one’s ability to generalize these observations, particularly in estimating cancer risk. Alternativel ...
Cancer Risk Estimates for Family Members of a Population
... history was obtained from the probands through a telephone interview. Of the 1567 breast cancer probands, 202 (12.9%) were patients whom we were unable to contact, and 258 (16.5%) were patients who declined to participate. For ovarian cancer, 51 (15.5%) were patients whom we were unable to contact, ...
... history was obtained from the probands through a telephone interview. Of the 1567 breast cancer probands, 202 (12.9%) were patients whom we were unable to contact, and 258 (16.5%) were patients who declined to participate. For ovarian cancer, 51 (15.5%) were patients whom we were unable to contact, ...
BRCA2
BRCA2 and BRCA2 (/ˌbrækəˈtuː/) are a human gene and its protein product, respectively. The official symbol (BRCA2, italic for the gene, nonitalic for the protein) and the official name (breast cancer 2, early onset) are maintained by the HGNC. Orthologs, styled Brca2 and Brca2, are common in other mammal species. BRCA2 is a human tumor suppressor gene (specifically, a caretaker gene), found in all humans; its protein, also called by the synonym breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein, is responsible for repairing DNA.BRCA2 and BRCA1 are normally expressed in the cells of breast and other tissue, where they help repair damaged DNA or destroy cells if DNA cannot be repaired. They are involved in the repair of chromosomal damage with an important role in the error-free repair of DNA double strand breaks. If BRCA1 or BRCA2 itself is damaged by a BRCA mutation, damaged DNA is not repaired properly, and this increases the risk for breast cancer. Thus, although the terms ""breast cancer susceptibility gene"" and ""breast cancer susceptibility protein"" (used frequently both in and outside the medical literature) sound as if they describe a proto-oncogene or oncogene, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are ""normal""; it is their mutation that is abnormal.The BRCA2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 13 at position 12.3 (13q12.3). The human reference BRCA 2 gene contains 28 exons, and the cDNA has 10,254 base pairs coding for a protein of 3418 amino acids.The gene was first cloned by scientists at Myriad Genetics, Endo Recherche, Inc., HSC Research & Development Limited Partnership, and the University of Pennsylvania.Methods to diagnose the likelihood of a patient with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 getting cancer were covered by patents owned or controlled by Myriad Genetics. Myriad's business model of exclusively offering the diagnostic test led from Myriad being a startup in 1994 to being a publicly traded company with 1200 employees and about $500M in annual revenue in 2012; it also led to controversy over high prices and the inability to get second opinions from other diagnostic labs, which in turn led to the landmark Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics lawsuit.