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CurveFitting Fittingwith withLinear LinearModels Models 2-7 2-7 Curve Warm Up Lesson Presentation Lesson Quiz Holt Algebra Holt Algebra 22 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Warm Up Write the equation of the line passing through each pair of passing points in slope-intercept form. 1. (5, –1), (0, –3) 2. (8, 5), (–8, 7) Use the equation y = –0.2x + 4. Find x for each given value of y. 3. y = 7 x = –15 Holt Algebra 2 4. y = 3.5 x = 2.5 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Objectives Fit scatter plot data using linear models with and without technology. Use linear models to make predictions. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Vocabulary regression correlation line of best fit correlation coefficient Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Researchers, such as anthropologists, are often interested in how two measurements are related. The statistical study of the relationship between variables is called regression. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models A scatter plot is helpful in understanding the form, direction, and strength of the relationship between two variables. Correlation is the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the two variables. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models If there is a strong linear relationship between two variables, a line of best fit, or a line that best fits the data, can be used to make predictions. Helpful Hint Try to have about the same number of points above and below the line of best fit. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Example 1: Meteorology Application Albany and Sydney are about the same distance from the equator. Make a scatter plot with Albany’s temperature as the independent variable. Name the type of correlation. Then sketch a line of best fit and find its equation. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Example 1 Continued Step 1 Plot the data points. Step 2 Identify the correlation. Notice that the data set is negatively correlated–as the temperature rises in Albany, it falls in Sydney. ••• • • • •• •• • o Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Example 1 Continued Step 3 Sketch a line of best fit. Draw a line that splits the data evenly above and below. ••• • • • •• •• • o Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Example 1 Continued Step 4 Identify two points on the line. For this data, you might select (35, 64) and (85, 41). Step 5 Find the slope of the line that models the data. Use the point-slope form. Point-slope form. y – y1= m(x – x1) y – 64 = –0.46(x – 35) y = –0.46x + 80.1 Substitute. Simplify. An equation that models the data is y = –0.46x + 80.1. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models The correlation coefficient r is a measure of how well the data set is fit by a model. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models You can use a graphing calculator to perform a linear regression and find the correlation coefficient r. To display the correlation coefficient r, you may have to turn on the diagnostic mode. To do this, press and choose the DiagnosticOn mode. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Example 2: Anthropology Application Anthropologists can use the femur, or thighbone, to estimate the height of a human being. The table shows the results of a randomly selected sample. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Example 2 Continued a. Make a scatter plot of the data with femur length as the independent variable. The scatter plot is shown at right. Holt Algebra 2 • •• • • •• • 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Example 2 Continued b. Find the correlation coefficient r and the line of best fit. Interpret the slope of the line of best fit in the context of the problem. Enter the data into lists L1 and L2 on a graphing calculator. Use the linear regression feature by pressing STAT, choosing CALC, and selecting 4:LinReg. The equation of the line of best fit is h ≈ 2.91l + 54.04. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Example 2 Continued The slope is about 2.91, so for each 1 cm increase in femur length, the predicted increase in a human being’s height is 2.91 cm. The correlation coefficient is r ≈ 0.986 which indicates a strong positive correlation. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Reading Math A line of best fit may also be referred to as a trend line. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Lesson Quiz: Part I Use the table for Problems 1–3. 1. Make a scatter plot with mass as the independent variable. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Lesson Quiz: Part II 2. Find the correlation coefficient and the equation of the line of best fit on your scatter plot. Draw the line of best fit on your scatter plot. r ≈ 0.67 ; y = 0.07x – 5.24 Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Lesson Quiz: Part III 3. Predict the weight of a $40 tire. How accurate do you think your prediction is? ≈646 g; the scatter plot and value of r show that price is not a good predictor of weight. Holt Algebra 2 2-7 Curve Fitting with Linear Models Homework P 148 15, 17, 23, 27, 31, 33 Due Friday Holt Algebra 2