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Transcript
What is Culture? “That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” Learning Objectives • 1. Define key terms in cultural anthropology • 2. Classify examples by which area of cultural knowledge they represent • 3. Differentiate between terms through identifying examples • 4. Illustrate understanding of terms through the use of a personal example What is Culture? • Consisting of _________________________ • ____________knowledge and behavior shared by ________________________ • Everything we are outside of ______________ • _____________________that a group of individuals share What is Society? • Refers to ________________ _________________________ • Differs from culture because of its __________________ • __________= ____________ ‘Rural’ & ‘Southeast’ = geographical descriptions Elements of Culture • Culture is _________________ • Ability to ________________________ • How? • ________________________________ • ____________________________ Elements of Culture How is Culture Learned? • Enculturation • _____________________________ • Acculturation • ___________________________ • Assimilation • ___________________________ Element of Culture How is Culture Learned? • Diffusion: ____________________________ • Independent Invention: ___________________ • Note: Both are considered components of cultural change Elements of Culture • Culture is _______________ • People share a _______________ • People are capable of ________________with each other without ____________________________ • Culture is reflected by a set of _____________________ Elements of Culture • Patterns of Behavior – present in all cultures • ___________________________________ • _________________________________ • Human behavior will vary ________________ Elements of Culture • Cultural Knowledge • All the knowledge and information about the world, for any cultural group • Anthropologists recognize that the knowledge of any cultural group differs from the knowledge of any other group Elements of Culture Cultural Knowledge • Norms: ___________________________ • Implies • ___________________________ • ___________________________ • _____________________________ Elements of Culture Cultural Knowledge • Norms, continued • Examples • ___________ • ___________ Elements of Culture Cultural Knowledge • Values • Defined as: ________________________ __________________________________ • __________________about the worthwhileness of goals and lifestyles Elements of Culture Cultural Knowledge • Values, continued • _____________________________________ • Profound, but partly unconscious, ___________________ • ________________ • ________________ Elements of Culture Cultural Knowledge • Culture is ______________________ • Symbol: _______________________ _______________________________ Elements of Culture Cultural Knowledge • Culture is _____________ • ___________________ ___________________ Elements of Culture Cultural Knowledge • Taboo • Those actions that are _________________ • Some __________, while some ____________ • Examples • ______________ • ______________ Human Diversity in Time & Space • Universality • Something that ____________________ • Examples include: • ____________ • _____________ • ____________ • ____________ Human Diversity in Time & Space • Generality • ____________________________________ • Examples: • ___________ • __________________ Human Diversity in Time & Space • Particularity • ______________ • Examples • ____________ Bara tomb in the Isalo National Park, Madagascar Levels of Culture • International Culture: • _________________________________ • National Culture: • __________________________________ • __________________________________ • Subcultures: • ____________________________________ Culture & Biology • Do culture differences have a biological basis? • Biological Determinism • _____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • ________________________________________ Culture and Biology • We will discuss nature vs. nurture later in the course but for now be aware that: • _________________________________ • ___________________________________ • Some ‘behaviors’ are believed to have a _____________ ____________________________________________ • _____________ • ______________ Example of Coevolution: Got Milk? • Many populations experience a _________ ____________________________ • Anthropologists Found: • ___________________________________ • What unites these regions? • _________________________________ Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, and Human Rights • Ethnocentrism • Stereotype • Cultural relativism • Cultural Generalization Summary Culture is: • __________________________________ • ____________________________________ • ______________________________________
