Download REVIEW Through Course Task

REVIEW
Through Course Task
The Periodic Table
PURPOSE
• The purpose of this review is to reacquaint
you with a number of properties and trends
among the elements of the period table.
• Once you complete the review, you will apply
what you know to answer the practice
exercises at the end.
• The TCT will count as 20% toward this 9
weeks’ grade.
Periodic Table Arrangement
• 1. What is the Atomic Number of an element?
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The number of PROTONS (P+) in an atom’s nucleus.
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What is the Atomic Mass Number of an element?
The combined number of PROTONS (P+) and
NEUTRONS (No) in an atom’s nucleus.
• 2. What property is the modern periodic table arranged
by?
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The modern periodic table is arranged by INCREASING
ATOMIC MASS NUMBER!
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3. Vertical columns of elements are called?
GROUPS or FAMILIES
Horizontal rows of elements are called?
PERIODS or SERIES
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4. The metals are generally located on the _________________
side of the periodic table while the non-metals are
found on the ___________________ side.
LEFT; RIGHT
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5. The _______________________ it the division between the
metals and non-metals; element found along this line
are called _______________________.
STAIR STEP or ZIG-ZAG LINE; METALLOIDS
ATOMIC RADIUS
• 6. The Atomic Radius of an atom is used to measure the __________ of
atoms and is the distance measured between ____?
• SIZE; The center to two nuclei in two atoms that are joined chemically.
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• 7. As a TREND or PATTERN, the Atomic Radius of the elements ____ left to
right across a period but _______________ top to bottom down a group.
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DECREASES; INCREASES
• 8. Atoms with the LARGEST Atomic Radius are found in the ___________
of the periodic table while atoms with the SMALLEST Atomic Radius are
found in the ____________ of the periodic table.
• LOWER LEFT CORNER; UPPER RIGHT CORNER
METALLIC CHARACTER
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9. Since the metals are found on the left side of the periodic table and transition to non-metals as
they move across toward the right side, it stands to reason that elements exhibit
_________________ metallic character on the ____________
GREATER
LEFT
side of the periodic table and that this metallic character _________________ as
DECREASES
you move to the right. Therefore the MOST METALLIC ELEMENTS would be found on the
________ side of the periodic table while the LEAST METALLIC ELEMENTS would be found on the
LEFT
____________ side of the periodic table.
RIGHT
10. While metals come in many colors, most at the far left side of the periodic table are very
____________ in color and tend to become more _________ or darker colored toward the center
SILVER
DULL
and right side of the table.
11. While, as a general rule, most metals have high melting points, there’s no simple pattern or
trend to predict them….you simply have to look them up!
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
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12. Recall that ELECTRONEGATIVITY is a measure of one atom’s _________for the
ATTRACTION
________ electrons of another atom.
VALENCE
If an element has a ___________ Eneg value, if has little attraction for the
LOW
valence electrons of other atoms and instead it ________________ lose
TENDS TO
its valence electrons to atoms with a greater Eneg value. Therefore, elements
with a _____________ Eneg will bond easily to other atoms.
LOW
13. When looking for a trend in Electronegativity on the periodic table, we find
Eneg values are the _______________ in the lower left corner of the periodic
LOWEST
table while they are ______________ in the upper right corner;
HIGHEST
this excludes the Noble Gases since they have a stable number of valence
electrons and do not easily bond with other atoms.
IONIZATION ENERGY
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14. Elements with large atomic radii tend to have low Ionization Energy. Since the
atomic radius is large, the valence electrons are ________ from the nucleus,
FARTHER
so the attraction between the ________ protons in the nucleus
POSITIVE
and the ____________ valence electrons at the edge of the electron
NEGATIVE
cloud is very _________ and they can be removed by elements having a
WEAK
strong electronegativity.
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15. Therefore, elements with Low Ionization Energy tend to be found in the
____________________________
LOWER LEFT CORNER
of the periodic table where atoms have __________________ atomic radii.
LARGEST
REFERENCE CHARTS
• The following charts illustrate the properties
we have discussed in this review.
• To answer the questions, look at each
property for the element described in the
questions and consult the charts to see where
the atom would be placed on the periodic
table.
• Write a reason why you chose to place it
there!
Ionization Energy
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
ATOMIC RADIUS
(don’t worry about number, compare the size of the blue circles)
METALLIC CHARACTER
LEAST
GREATEST
Periodic Table
ALL PROPERTIES ON ONE CHART