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Quantitative Traits Quantitative Traits Fraction of Population Distribution of Corn Ear Lengths 50 40 30 20 10 0 P F1 F2 0 10 20 Length of Corn Ears (inches) 30 Mendelian Explanation of a Quantitative Trait Dihybrid Cross: (H1 h1 H2 h2) x (H1 h1 H2 h2) H1 H 2 H1 h 2 h1 H 2 h1 h2 H1 H2 H1 H1 H2 H2 H1 H1 H2 h2 H1 h1 H2 H2 H1 h1 H2 h2 H1 h2 H1 H1 H2 h2 H1 H1 h2 h2 H1 h1 H2 h2 H1 h1 h2 h2 h1 H2 H1 h1 H2 H2 H1 h1 H2 h2 h1 h1 H2 H2 h1 h1 H2 h2 h1 h2 H1 h1 H2 h2 h1 h1 h2 h2 H1 h1 h2 h2 h1 h1 H2 h2 Very small : Small : Medium : Large 1 4 6 4 : Very Large 1 Study Question 3 How many discrete lengths would you predict to be possible if there were four identical Height genes? Complementation Multiple Infection Multiplicity of Infection Phage/Hosts Complementation Failure to Complement Complementation Study Question 4 •5 mutants of phage T2 •Mutants forms tiny plaques •Complementation tests - coinfect E. coli with pairs Coinfection #1 with #2 #1 with #3 #1 with #4 #1 with #5 #2 with #3 #2 with #4 #2 with #5 #3 with #4 #3 with #5 #4 with #5 •How many genes are required for the wildtype phenotype? Plaque Size wildtype wildtype tiny wildtype tiny wildtype wildtype wildtype wildtype wildtype Study Question 5-7 Cross female #34 extra hairy x male #43 (Curly hair) Possible genotypes of parents? Genotypes of F1 progeny? One gene hypothesis #34: EE x #43: CC EC Two gene hypothesis #34: EE ++ x #43: ++ CC Two gene hypothesis/one X-linked #34: XEXE++ x #43: X+Y CC E+ C+ X+XE C+ XE Y C+ Recombination Nicked One Homologous Other Recombination strand strands strand nicked chromosomes break invades complete other pair chromosome Recombination No change (sequences are identical except for sites of mutation) Recombination Two novel DNA’s, different from parents Complementation vs Recombination Complementation Recombination acts through protein acts through DNA temporary permanent efficient rare useful to define genes useful to map genes