Download HEREDITY….

HEREDITY….
Why do living
things look and
behave like their
biological
parents???
GENES…
What color are yours?
Genes help
determine our eye
color, hair color,
the “color” of our
personality, likes
and dislikes,
strengths and
weaknesses, and
more!!
Inside every cell
of each living
thing (plant or
animal) are sets
of instructions
called genes.
Genes are found
in the DNA that
you got from your
biological mom
and dad…
What is biological?
If your mom and
didn’t adopt you
and you were
born out of your
momma’s tummy,
they are your
biological parents!
Where are
genes found?
The genes are strung together in long
stands of material called deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) and these long strands are called
chromosomes.
Most living things have pairs of
chromosomes (one from each parent) and
humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
Many of the genes have a quality known as
dominate or recessive. Dominant traits
are more common than recessive traits.
Trait…a distinguishing feature
in a person
You are given 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46
each. Mom gives you 23 and dad gives you 23.
Each characteristic has 1 pair.
Eye color: Mom gives you 1 chromosome for
eye color, dad gives you 1 also. So you have 1
pair of chromosomes for eye color.
Let’s say that mom has brown eyes, and dad
has blue eyes. Brown eyes are dominant (B)
and blue eyes are recessive (b).
This is how all your traits are “put together”.
Dominant and recessive genes are mixed to
create a new YOU!!!!
If you were given the same gene from each,
either both brown (BB) or both blue (bb), then
you will have the same color as that gene pair.
But if you were given a mix, you will have
brown eyes, but carry a recessive blue gene
(Bb, bB). Remember that brown is dominant.
That means it is a more common, or stronger,
gene.
Where do I get these “genes”
(traits)??
They are a gift from…
MOM
AND
DAD!!!
You are an offspring of your biological parents.
You act and look and have behaviors because
of the gift of “genes”!!!
“Innate behaviors” or “fixed action pattern
behaviors” are things you do because we, as
living things, are born doing them.
You do them because you were born doing
them! You can’t help it. You can’t practice it.
Your brain just knows to do it!
Innate Behaviors
(Fixed Action Pattern
Behaviors)
Hibernation
Migration
Babies sucking their thumbs
Blinking
Swallowing
Babies’ toes spreading when foot is
tickled
Crying
Rough play between wolf cubs
Inherited Traits…the stuff you
get from mom and dad!
Singing, dancing, and instrumental
abilities
Abilities in math
Athletic talent
Liking routines
Drawing/artistic talent
Faces you might make
What else can you think
of???
Learned Behaviors…Stuff you do because
of your environment…Stuff you do because
you practice…Stuff that is taught!
Teaching a dog to sit, roll over, give paw.
A toddler throwing a tantrum.
Getting dressed.
Brushing teeth.
Speaking a language.
Learning to play an instrument or a sport.
Manners.
How to eat properly
What else can you think of???
Activity:
In partners, you will create a chart with three
columns.
On the left side, you will title it “inherited”
On the right side, the title is “learned”
In the middle, the title is “innate”
You and your partner will brainstorm 5
inherited, 5 innate, and 5 learned behaviors.
Think carefully before you list them…do you
have to practice it or is it something you
naturally liking or tendency for? Is it a reaction
that you were born doing since birth?
Only one item on each column may be the ones
that we have discussed in class.
Vocabulary
Characteristics
Inherited
Trait
Offspring
Inborn
Innate
Instinctive behaviors
Learned behaviors
Dominant traits
Recessive traits
Genes
Genetic
DNA: what it is, not what it stands for!
Punnent Square
Dad
Black
Brown
(B)
Blonde (b)
BB
Bb
bB
bb
(B)
Mom
Blonde
(b)
Punnent Square
Dad
Brown (B)
Green
(G)
Blue (b)
GB:
Gb;
will have
greenish/blue
eyes, or HAZEL
Will have green
eyes, but carry a
blue recessive
Mom
Blue
(b)
bB:
will have brown
eyes, but carry a
bluue recesive
Bb:
Will have blue
eyes
Punnent Square
Dad Beans
Mom
Beans
Activity
Draw a Punnent Square on a piece of paper.
Correctly label the dominant and recessive
titles for “mom beans” and “dad beans”
squares.
Fill in each square with the correct
chromosome combinations.
Using the lab sheet from the bean
experiment, add up the tallies in each
column, and write that total in the
appropriate place on the Punnent Square.