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Human Sexuality Unit Male Reproductive System Function and structure • : male sex hormone, initiates physical change, including broadening of the shoulders, development of muscles, facial and body hair, deepening of the voice and sperm production • : male reproductive cell, resemble tadpoles External system • : two small glands that produce sperm, 100 million a day • – sac that holds the testes – Helps regulate the temperature of the sperm – Muscles raise and lower the sac • : a tube-shaped organ attached to the trunk of the body just above the testes – Spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels – – blood vessels fill with blood making the penis ridged – – muscular contractions Internal system • – temporary storage facility for sperm, sperm mature here • – tube that connect seminal vesicles and the prostate gland – Propel the sperm forward in powerful spurts • – contain fluid that give nutrients to the sperm Internal system cont. • – neutralizes the acid content before semen is ejaculated • –secretes, a thin, milky fluid that protects the sperm from acid • – passageway through which both semen and urine leave the body Additional terms • : a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions – Seminal vesicles, Cowper’s gland, & Prostate gland • : the union of a reproductive cell • : surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis Care of the system • , protection, and self-examination • Testicle examination – Hold one testicle between – Gentle whole testicle around the Problems of the system • Sexually transmitted diseases • – part of an organ pushes through an opening of a membrane or muscle • : a condition in which a person is unable to reproduce – Produce too few sperm – Many reasons for it to happen Problems of the system cont. • – fungal infection that occurs in groin area – Thoroughly wash and dry groin area – Avoid wearing damp clothing • • Enlarged – wear protective gear – Caused by infection, tumor, or old age – Tend to squeeze the urethra, resulting infrequent or difficult urination Problems of the system cont. • Cancer of the – Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells – highest incidence of cancer in males • – Occur most frequently between the age – Slight enlargement of one testicle – of cases can be cured if caught early Female Reproductive System Functions & Structure • • : female reproductive cell : a muscular, elastic passageway that extend from the uterus to the outside of the body • : the process of releasing one mature ovum each month – Alternating ovary release time Functions & Structure cont. • : female sex gland that house the ova and produce female sex hormones – 400,00 immature ova (egg) at birth • : a pair of tubes with finger like projections that draw the ovum in – 4 inches long, 1/3 inch diameter – Sperm must meet the egg in there for Functions & Structure cont. • : cell that results from the union of sperm and ovum • : small, muscular, pair-shaped organ about the size of a fist – Zygote must attach to the wall Menstruation • Ovum does not become fertilized, the lining of the , tissue, and fluid which passes through the cervix and out of the vagina – : neck of uterus – Uterus walls thicken again • : time from the beginning of one menstrual period to the onset of the next one – 28 days Care of the system • Cleanliness is very important – Vagina is self cleaning - • Breast self-examination – Should be done , one week after the start of menstrual period – 3 ways - shower, front of minor, and lying down Care of the system cont. • Breast self-examination steps to follow – Look at the shape in the mirror - arm behind head and bending over – Use 3 finger and make a circling movement feeling for lumps – Don’t forget armpits and between breasts Problems with the system • : in ability of a woman to become pregnant • - fluid-filled sac on the ovary • Cancer develop some cancer – Pap test will detect cervical cancer Side view of pelvic exam Side view with a tilted uterus View of cervix and vagina Pap smear Problems with Menstruation • - abdominal cramps during menstrual period • (PMS) nervous, tension, anxiety, irritability, bloating, weight gain, depression, mood swings, and fatigue • (TSS) bacteria causes infection – Need to change tampons regularly Problems that can cause infertility • - leading cause of infertility – Caused by PID • - 2nd leading cause of infertility – Uterine tissue grows outside the uterus • (PID) infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding area in a woman’s pelvis Life Cycle Conception Conception • Every person starts by connecting – the connecting of • egg and sperm • – cells begin to implant or attach to the lining of the uterus Genetics • : tiny structures within the nuclei of cells that carry info about heredity traits – Each cell as 46 chromosomes – 23 pairs – Made up of chemical compounds - DNA • : segments of DNA, that holds info about heredity traits • Each person receives half from mom and half from dad – 23 chromosomes in ova and sperm Genetics cont. • Dominant and recessive genes – – – will show up in the offspring – will not show up in offspring, unless there are 2 recessive genes together • Gender – sex chromosomes – Female – – Male - Twins • : one egg and one sperm, unite and split creating 2 babies • :2 eggs and 2 sperm Development • – thin membrane holding fluid that insulated the embryo – Amniotic fluid – fluid around the baby • : blood-rich tissue developed from an outer layer of cells from the embryo and tissue from the mother • : tube through which nutrients and oxygen pass from the mother’s blood into the embryo’s blood Life Cycle Prenatal Development Germinal Stage • Conception to 2 weeks • : fertilized egg • Cell division • Implantation Embryonic Stage • : cluster of developing cells following implantation – Size of the dot of the letter • 2 week to 8 weeks • Development of all organs – may not all function until closer to delivery Fetal Development • : name by which the embryo is known from the end of the 8 weeks • Fetal movement • Completing development • Growing bigger Pre baby Month 1 Month 3 & 4 Month 5 Month 7 Month 8 & 9 Month 9 - weeks prior to delivery Uterus Prenatal Care • • • • Regular Increase nutrients Monitor the growth of the Medicines should only be taken with doctors approval, most are dangerous Prenatal Care cont. • • – FAS – addiction and physical damage • • – stimulate – will cause premature birth and low birth weight – Will affect growth, mental development, and behavior Prenatal Care Testing • : procedure in which a syringe is inserted through the pregnant female’s abdominal wall into the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus – 16 to 20 weeks Prenatal Care Testing cont. • : test in which sound waves are used to project light images on a screen Prenatal Care Testing cont. • : test in which a small piece of membrane is removed from the chorion, a layer of tissue that develops into the placenta – 8 weeks Complication during pregnancy • : spontaneous abortion – Prior to 20 weeks • : birth of a dead fetus – After 20 weeks Life Cycle Delivery Signs of labor • Loss of mucus plug • • Contractions – Staying consistent Stages of Birth • – stretching of the cervix, results from mild contractions, known as labor – Cervix goes from 0 cm to 10 cm – Average 6 to 18 hrs – – medicine in the spinal cord, so nothing can be felt Stages of Birth cont. • Passage of the – Requires the mother to push the baby down the birth canal – 1 to 2 hrs – –widen opening with surgical cut – Forceps or vacuum may be used Stages of Birth cont. • – contractions continue to eliminate the placenta – Mother usually does not even know this is happening – 15 to 30 minutes Cesarean Birth • : baby is delivered through a surgical incision in the mother’s abdomen – Bikini cut – very small incision • Used when mother or baby is at risk – Many mother who have had a C-section will choose to deliver their other children this way Checking the baby • : routine diagnostic test that determine an infant’s physical condition at birth – scale 0 to 2 – Appearance – Pulse – Grimace – Activity – Respiration Labor & Delivery Video • Rachel & Matt Life Cycle Newborns to Childhood Infancy • Birth to 1 ½ years • height doubles • Develop – Head to – Near to – Simple to – weight triples and Early Childhood • 2 to 3 yrs • Develop new physical and mental skills • Speech, controlling elimination of body wastes • : confidence that one can control one’s own body, impulses, and environment Childhood • 4 to 5 yrs • Initiate play activities rather then follow others • Make-believe, Late Childhood • 6 to 11yrs • Social, emotional, intellectual, physical and cultural growth • They need to try