Download Human Sexuality

Human Sexuality Unit
Male Reproductive System
Function and structure
•
: male sex
hormone, initiates physical change,
including broadening of the shoulders,
development of muscles, facial and body
hair, deepening of the voice and sperm
production
•
: male reproductive cell,
resemble tadpoles
External system
•
: two small glands that produce
sperm, 100 million a day
•
– sac that holds the testes
– Helps regulate the temperature of the sperm
– Muscles raise and lower the sac
•
: a tube-shaped organ attached to the
trunk of the body just above the testes
– Spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels
–
– blood vessels fill with blood making the
penis ridged
–
– muscular contractions
Internal system
•
– temporary storage
facility for sperm, sperm mature here
•
– tube that connect seminal
vesicles and the prostate gland
– Propel the sperm forward in powerful spurts
•
– contain fluid that give
nutrients to the sperm
Internal system cont.
•
– neutralizes the acid
content before semen is ejaculated
•
–secretes, a thin, milky
fluid that protects the sperm from acid
•
– passageway through
which both semen and urine leave the
body
Additional terms
•
: a thick fluid containing sperm
and other secretions
– Seminal vesicles, Cowper’s gland, &
Prostate gland
•
: the union of a
reproductive cell
•
: surgical removal of the
foreskin of the penis
Care of the system
•
, protection, and
self-examination
• Testicle examination
– Hold one testicle between
– Gentle
whole testicle
around the
Problems of the system
• Sexually transmitted diseases
•
– part of an organ pushes
through an opening of a membrane or
muscle
•
: a condition in which a
person is unable to reproduce
– Produce too few sperm
– Many reasons for it to happen
Problems of the system cont.
•
– fungal infection that occurs
in groin area
– Thoroughly wash and dry groin area
– Avoid wearing damp clothing
•
• Enlarged
– wear protective gear
– Caused by infection, tumor, or old age
– Tend to squeeze the urethra, resulting
infrequent or difficult urination
Problems of the system cont.
• Cancer of the
– Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells
–
highest incidence of cancer in males
•
– Occur most frequently between the age
– Slight enlargement of one testicle
–
of cases can be cured if caught early
Female Reproductive System
Functions & Structure
•
•
: female reproductive cell
: a muscular, elastic
passageway that extend from the uterus to
the outside of the body
•
: the process of releasing
one mature ovum each month
– Alternating ovary release time
Functions & Structure cont.
•
: female sex gland that
house the ova and produce female sex
hormones
– 400,00 immature ova (egg) at birth
•
: a pair of tubes with
finger like projections that draw the ovum
in
– 4 inches long, 1/3 inch diameter
– Sperm must meet the egg in there for
Functions & Structure cont.
•
: cell that results from the
union of sperm and ovum
•
: small, muscular, pair-shaped
organ about the size of a fist
– Zygote must attach to the wall
Menstruation
• Ovum does not become fertilized, the lining of
the
, tissue,
and fluid which passes through the cervix and
out of the vagina
–
: neck of uterus
– Uterus walls thicken again
•
: time from the beginning
of one menstrual period to the onset of the next
one
– 28 days
Care of the system
• Cleanliness is very important
– Vagina is self cleaning -
• Breast self-examination
– Should be done
, one week
after the start of menstrual period
– 3 ways - shower, front of minor, and lying
down
Care of the system cont.
• Breast self-examination steps to follow
– Look at the shape in the mirror - arm behind
head and bending over
– Use 3 finger and make a circling movement
feeling for lumps
– Don’t forget armpits and between breasts
Problems with the system
•
: in ability of a woman to
become pregnant
•
- fluid-filled sac on the ovary
• Cancer develop some cancer
– Pap test will detect cervical cancer
Side view of pelvic exam
Side view with a tilted uterus
View of cervix and vagina
Pap smear
Problems with Menstruation
•
- abdominal cramps
during menstrual period
•
(PMS) nervous, tension, anxiety, irritability,
bloating, weight gain, depression, mood
swings, and fatigue
•
(TSS) bacteria causes infection
– Need to change tampons regularly
Problems that can cause
infertility
•
- leading
cause of infertility
– Caused by PID
•
- 2nd leading cause
of infertility
– Uterine tissue grows outside the uterus
•
(PID) infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries,
and surrounding area in a woman’s pelvis
Life Cycle
Conception
Conception
• Every person starts by
connecting
– the connecting of
•
egg and sperm
•
– cells begin to
implant or attach to the lining of the uterus
Genetics
•
: tiny structures
within the nuclei of cells that carry info about
heredity traits
– Each cell as 46 chromosomes – 23 pairs
– Made up of chemical compounds - DNA
•
: segments of DNA, that holds
info about heredity traits
• Each person receives half from mom and half
from dad
– 23 chromosomes in ova and sperm
Genetics cont.
• Dominant and recessive genes
–
–
– will show up in the offspring
– will not show up in offspring,
unless there are 2 recessive genes together
• Gender – sex chromosomes
– Female –
– Male -
Twins
•
: one
egg and one sperm,
unite and split
creating 2 babies
•
:2
eggs and 2 sperm
Development
•
– thin membrane
holding fluid that insulated the embryo
– Amniotic fluid – fluid around the baby
•
: blood-rich tissue developed
from an outer layer of cells from the
embryo and tissue from the mother
•
: tube through which
nutrients and oxygen pass from the
mother’s blood into the embryo’s blood
Life Cycle
Prenatal Development
Germinal Stage
• Conception to 2 weeks
•
: fertilized egg
• Cell division
• Implantation
Embryonic Stage
•
: cluster of developing cells
following implantation
– Size of the dot of the letter
• 2 week to 8 weeks
• Development of all organs – may not all
function until closer to delivery
Fetal Development
•
: name by which the embryo is
known from the end of the 8 weeks
• Fetal movement
• Completing development
• Growing bigger
Pre baby
Month 1
Month 3 & 4
Month 5
Month 7
Month 8 & 9
Month 9 - weeks prior to delivery
Uterus
Prenatal Care
•
•
•
•
Regular
Increase nutrients
Monitor the growth of the
Medicines should only be taken with
doctors approval, most are dangerous
Prenatal Care cont.
•
•
– FAS
– addiction and physical
damage
•
•
– stimulate
– will cause premature birth
and low birth weight
– Will affect growth, mental development, and
behavior
Prenatal Care Testing
•
: procedure in which a
syringe is inserted through the pregnant
female’s abdominal wall into the amniotic
fluid surrounding the developing fetus
– 16 to 20 weeks
Prenatal Care Testing cont.
•
:
test in which sound
waves are used to
project light images on a
screen
Prenatal Care Testing cont.
•
: test in which a
small piece of membrane is removed from the
chorion, a layer of tissue that develops into the
placenta
– 8 weeks
Complication during pregnancy
•
: spontaneous abortion
– Prior to 20 weeks
•
: birth of a dead fetus
– After 20 weeks
Life Cycle
Delivery
Signs of labor
• Loss of mucus plug
•
• Contractions
– Staying consistent
Stages of Birth
•
– stretching of
the cervix, results from
mild contractions, known
as labor
– Cervix goes from 0 cm
to 10 cm
– Average 6 to 18 hrs
–
– medicine in
the spinal cord, so
nothing can be felt
Stages of Birth cont.
• Passage of the
– Requires the mother
to push the baby
down the birth canal
– 1 to 2 hrs
–
–widen
opening with surgical
cut
– Forceps or vacuum
may be used
Stages of Birth cont.
•
– contractions continue to
eliminate the placenta
– Mother usually does not even know this is
happening
– 15 to 30 minutes
Cesarean Birth
•
: baby is
delivered through a surgical
incision in the mother’s
abdomen
– Bikini cut – very small
incision
• Used when mother or baby is
at risk
– Many mother who have had
a C-section will choose to
deliver their other children
this way
Checking the baby
•
: routine diagnostic test
that determine an infant’s physical condition at
birth – scale 0 to 2
– Appearance
– Pulse
– Grimace
– Activity
– Respiration
Labor & Delivery Video
• Rachel & Matt
Life Cycle
Newborns to Childhood
Infancy
• Birth to 1 ½ years
•
height doubles
• Develop
– Head to
– Near to
– Simple to
– weight triples and
Early Childhood
• 2 to 3 yrs
• Develop new physical and mental skills
• Speech, controlling elimination of body
wastes
•
: confidence that one
can control one’s own body, impulses,
and environment
Childhood
• 4 to 5 yrs
• Initiate play activities rather then follow
others
• Make-believe,
Late Childhood
• 6 to 11yrs
• Social, emotional, intellectual, physical
and cultural growth
• They need to try