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Chapter 5 (Sections 1 & 2) Heredity Review Game 1 An organism with two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles is called ______________. 1 - Answer An organism with two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles is called homozygous OR purebred. 2 A feature that has different forms in a population is called a ______________. 2 - Answer A feature that has different forms in a population is called a characteristic. 3 Who is the scientist that studied pea plants to determine how traits are passed from parents to offspring? 3 - Answer Who is the scientist that studied pea plants to determine how traits are passed from parents to offspring? A: Gregor Mendel Draw a punnett square labeled like this: Male Female 4 4 Fill in your punnett square for the following scenario: 4 A zoo keeper wants to know the chance that a baby giraffe will have a long neck. The mom is heterozygous for a long neck, and the dad is homozygous for a short neck. Use “L” and “l” to represent the alleles. 4 - Answer Female Your punnett square should look like this: Male l l L Ll Ll l ll ll 5 Look at your punnett square. What is the probability that the baby giraffe will be a purebred? Write the genotype(s) of the purebred offspring. 5 - Answer Look at your punnett square. What is the probability that the baby giraffe will be a purebred? A: 50%, or 2 out of 4 (ll) 6 List the 4 exceptions to Mendel’s findings. 6 - Answer 4 exceptions: 1. Incomplete dominance 2.One gene influences many traits 3.Many genes influence one trait 4.Environmental Factors 7 A purebred blue flower and a purebred yellow flower are crossed. All of the offspring are green. This is an example of what? 7 - Answer A purebred blue flower and a purebred yellow flower are crossed. All of the offspring are green. This is an example of what? Incomplete Dominance 8 Female B B b BB Male b Bb B = Brown hair b = blond hair Bb bb If this couple has 4 kids, will 3 of them definitely have brown hair and 1 definitely have blond hair? Female 8 - Answer B b B BB Male b Bb B = Brown hair b = blond hair Bb bb If this couple has 4 kids, will 3 of them definitely have brown hair and 1 definitely have blond hair? A: No 9 Female B B b BB Male b Bb B = Brown hair b = blond hair Bb bb List the possible genotypes and phenotypes of this couple’s children. List genotypes first and then the phenotype. 9 – Cont. Label your board like this: Genotype Phenotype **Make sure the genotype matches the proper phenotype! Female 9 - Answer B b B Male BB b Bb B = Brown hair b = Blond hair Bb Genotype BB – Bb – bb – bb Phenotype Brown hair Brown hair Blond hair 10 Female B B b BB Male b Bb B = Brown hair b = blond hair Bb bb What is the probability that this couple will have a hybrid child? List the genotype(s) of the hybrid offspring. Female 10 - Answer B b Male B BB b Bb B = Brown hair b = blond hair Bb bb What is the probability that this couple will have a hybrid child? List the genotype(s) of the hybrid offspring. A: 50% - Bb, Bb 11 An child with albinism has skin without pigment and blue eyes. Both of these traits are determined by one set of instructions. This is an example of which exception to Mendel’s findings? 11 - Answer An child with albinism has skin without pigment and blue eyes. Both of these traits are determined by one set of instructions. This is an example of which exception to Mendel’s findings? A: One gene, many traits 12 What is the name of the trait that always shows up, if it is present? 12 - Answer What is the name of the trait that always shows up, if it is present? A: Dominant 13 What is the only combination of alleles that will show the recessive trait? 13 - Answer What is the only combination of alleles that will show the recessive trait? A: homozygous recessive OR purebred recessive 14 What would you call an organism that shows the dominant trait? List all possibilities. 14 - Answer What would you call an organism that shows the dominant trait? List all possibilities. A: Homozygous dominant (purebred dominant) and heterozygous (or hybrid) 15 Using the letter “R” to represent an allele, list the 3 possible combinations of alleles. 15 - Answer Using the letter “R” to represent an allele, list the 3 possible combinations of alleles. A: RR, Rr, rr 16 Claire has curly hair which is a recessive trait (h). What is Claire’s phenotype? 16 - Answer Claire has curly hair which is a recessive trait (h). What is Claire’s phenotype? A: curly hair 17 Claire has curly hair which is a recessive trait (h). What is Claire’s genotype? 17 - Answer Claire has curly hair which is a recessive trait (h). What is Claire’s genotype? A: hh 18 Curly haired Claire falls in love with homozygous Henry who has straight hair (H). Will any of their children be purebred? Claire 18 - Answer h h H Henry Hh Hh H Hh Hh H = Straight hair h = curly hair A: No. 100% of their children will be hybrid and will have straight hair. 19 In Mendel’s experiments, what percent of the offspring in the first generation showed the dominant trait? 19 - Answer In Mendel’s experiments, what percent of the offspring in the first generation showed the dominant trait? A: 100% - all of the offspring were purple EXTRA CREDIT ALERT To receive 5 points of extra credit on the test, write down the answers to the questions on this slide and the next on a piece of notebook paper, and turn it in on Monday. Your answers must be correct to receive credit. You may check your answers with your teacher before school on Monday. 1. What are the 4 exceptions to Mendel’s principles? AND Give an example of each exception from your textbook. 2. What is the name of the trait that always shows up if it is present? 3. What is the term for a feature that shows up in a population and has different forms? EXTRA CREDIT ALERT (Continued) 4. What is the term for the different forms of a feature? 5. Draw and label a punnett square. Fill it in with a cross between a homozygous dominant female and a heterozygous male. Use the letter “T” to represent the alleles. 6. What are the two combinations of alleles that would show the dominant trait? 7. What is the only combination of alleles that would show the recessive trait? 8. What is a synonym (means the same thing as) for heterozygous? 9. What is a synonym (means the same thing as) for homozygous? 10. Write the definition for heredity. 20 In Mendel’s experiments, what percent of the offspring in the first generation carried the recessive allele? 20 - Answer In Mendel’s experiments, what percent of the offspring in the first generation carried the recessive allele? A: 100% - All of the plants had the genotype Pp, and “p” is the recessive allele 21 Different forms of a characteristic are called ________. 21 - Answer Different forms of a characteristic are called traits. 22 What happened to the recessive traits in the second generation of Mendel’s experiments? 22 - Answer What happened to the recessive traits in the second generation of Mendel’s experiments? A: They reappeared in 1 out of 4 plants, or 25% of the plants 23 What is heredity? 23 - Answer What is heredity? A: Traits passing from parents to offspring 24 The allele for freckles is (f). Suppose two nonfreckled parents have 4 non-freckled children and 1 freckled child. What are the genotypes of the parents? Female 24 - Answer F f F FF Ff Male f Ff ff F = No freckles f = freckles A: Since both parents have no freckles, there are only 2 possible combinations: FF or Ff. Both parents have to be heterozygous (Ff) in order to have a child that has shows the recessive trait of freckles. Female 24 – Answer, Male F cont. F f FF Ff F FF Ff F = No freckles f = freckles A: If either parent is homozygous dominant (FF), all children would show the dominant trait of no freckles.