Download Evolution - Course

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Born on February 12, 1809 in Shropshire,
England
Died on April 19, 1882
Son of a wealthy society doctor and financier
Darwin’s father originally wanted Darwin to
become a doctor, but Darwin found the
subject to be very boring
Darwin’s interest in the natural world grew
as he enjoyed riding and hunting
Darwin then began to study nature in
Cambridge
After this course, Darwin was presented with
the preposition of sailing with Captain
Robert FitzRoy on the HMS Beagle
Darwin’s father strongly objected the trip,
but was convinced by his brother-in-law
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The trip was originally planned
for two years, but lasted more
than five years
Darwin acted as a naturalist
and a geologist on the trip
The HMS Beagle first sailed to
the Atlantic and then to South
America
Darwin spent most of his time
exploring the lands
The most famous stop of the
Beagle was the Galapagos
Islands
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Book published by Darwin to explain his theory of
evolution
Through his observations, Darwin had theorized about
evolution; however, he did not know the true factors that
determined evolution
Darwin made several points in his book:
◦ Every species is fertile enough that if all offspring survived the
population would grow
◦ Despite periodic fluctuations, populations roughly remain the
same size
◦ Resources are limited and relatively stable over time
◦ Struggle for survive keeps the population in check
◦ Individuals of a population vary greatly from each other
◦ Individuals less suited for the environment are less likely to
survive and less likely to reproduce, individuals that are more
suited for the environment reproduce and pass traits to next
generation: theory of natural selection
◦ Much of the variations are inherited
◦ These variations accumulated over time and eventually produce
brand new species
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Born on July 20, 1822 in Austrian
Empire
Died on January 6, 1884
Was a Augustinian priest and scientist
Mendel was the first to study the
science of genetics through inheritance
of certain traits in pea plants
Mendel’s work explained how evolution
worked
Mendel concluded:
◦ Two factors for each trait
◦ Factors may not contain the same
information
◦ If the two factors are the same it is known
as homozygous, if different it is known as
heterozyguos
◦ The genotype of an individuals is
determined by the number of alleles and the
phenotype is the individuals physical
characteristics
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Evolution is determined by heredity or the
traits that an individual receives from parents
These traits determine the individual’s fitness
or ability to survive: Survival of the Fittest
In order from new traits to appear, whether
beneficial or harmful, in a organism it can
happen through mutations or gene shuffling