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Mycoplasma
支原体
组员:
张
志
强
王
聪
王
刚
徐
英
毕
叶
王
琳
琳
Content
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Defination
Discovery
Classification
Morphology
Structure
Cultural character
Compassion with L-formed Bacterium
Mycoplasma
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No cell wall
Prokaryotic microbe
free-living in nature
Can live in the nonliving medium
Bacteria-filtration
device
Have filament with
branches
Model
Discovery
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In 1898, Nocard found Mycoplasma from
the cattle that had pleuropneumonia .
In 1937, Dienes isolated Mycoplasma from
the pus of patients.
Once they were named pleuropneumonialike organism (类胸膜肺炎微生物）
In 1962, Chanock succeeded in cultivating
Mycoplasma aitificially.
Classification
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Mycoplasma belongs to
mollicute(柔膜体纲）
Mycoplasmatales（支
原体目）.
Mycoplasmataceae(支
原体科）
Ancholeplasmataceae
（无胆淄原体科）
Spiroplasmataceae(螺
原体科)
Mycoplasmatales
Mycoplasmataceae
Ancholeplasmataceae
spiroplasmataceae
Mycoplasmataceae(支原体科)
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Mycoplasma(支原体属)
* M.pneumoniae(肺炎支原体)
* M.hominis(人型支原体)
* M.genitalium(生殖器支原体)
Ureaplasma(脲原体属)
* U.urealyticum(溶脲脲原体)
M.pneumoniae
U.urealyticum
人类主要支原体生物学性状
Mycoplasma
Glycogen
Urea
Pathogenicity
+
Arginin
e
_
M.pneumonia
_
pneumonia
bronchitis
M.Hominis
_
+
_
M.genitalium
+
_
_
M.penetraus
+
+
_
U.Urealyticum
_
_
+
Urogenital
infection
Urogenital
infection
Mostly in
AIDS
Urogenital
infection
Shape of mycoplasma
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Size: The smallest, 0.2 ~ 0.3 μ m, under
pressure it can pass though Bacteriafiltration device.
Usually spherical, double spherical,
filamentous
Vegetative mode: binary fission
Stain: hard to be stained in Gram.
Giemsa, blue
M.Pneumoniae with Giemsa stain
Structure (Under electron microscope )
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Three layers: outer
and inner layers
contain protein and
glycogen, meddle
layer is composed
of lipid (cholesterol
takes up 36%)
The only cellular
organ –ribosome.
DNA and RNA, gene
is dsDNA.
Special structures:
 Some contain
terminal
structure(顶端结构),
related to the
adhesion.
 Capsule, has
something to do
with virulence.
 Microfilament
Cultivation
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high Nutritional requirements : cardin (牛心浸
液),serum, yeast steep(酵母浸液）
In pH7.8 ~ 8.0 growth below 7.0 deaths
(Ureaplasma urealyticum pH6.0 ~ 6.5)
Need 5%~10%CO2
Slow Growth，life cycle: 1~3h
liquid medium: Difficult to see the turbid
Solid medium: A typical colony was fried egg shape.
U.urealyticum:10~40 μ m, like "T" line
Antigen structure
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Antigen structure: membrane protein
( use ELISA to detect) and glycolipids.
Glycolipids have strong antigens, but
have poor specificity.
Part of M.pneumoniae has capsule,
which is mainly polysaccharide.
Some have mitogen, cause
autoimmune reaction.
Resistance
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Death 50℃ 30minutes or 55℃ 5-15 minutes.
Sensitive to UV, dry, heat, Cleanser and
disinfectant.
Strong resistance to: low temperature(-70
℃), thallium acetate(铊酸), crystal violet(结
晶紫).
Resistance to penicillin, etc.
The antibiotic-sensitive protein synthesis
interference.
Both the mycoplasma and the L –
formed bacterium don't have the cell
wall, their biological characters are
similar.
But what’s the Differences between
them?
Difference between L-formed and M.
Biological
character
Colony
Shape and size
Mycoplasma
L formed bacteria
Fried egg shape,
0.1~0.3mm
Fried egg shape,
0.5~1.0mm
Many kinds of
shape,0.2~0.3um
Cell wall
Without,
Heredity
Cell membrane
1/3 is Cholesterol
Liquid culture
The opacity is very
low
Many kinds of
shape,0.6~1.0um.
Deficient or without,
phenotype variation,
can restore
Without Cholesterol
Has some opacity
Mycoplasma colony
L-formed colony
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