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Chapter 3 HD Biological Beginnings Genetics The study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next Each body is made up of billions of cells Each cell contains 46 chromosomes (except the reproductive gametes have 23) Each chromosome contains genes Genes are laid in rodlike pairs side by side and called chromosomes (one gene from mom; one from dad) Each gene contains long sequences of DNA (a ladder-like, spiral staircase structure that forms the genes) Genoid Activity Chromosomal Abnormalities Down Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome/Turner Syndrome Prader-Willi Syndrome Angelman Syndrome Genetic Defects Neurofibromatosis-tumors in the central nervous system Huntington Disease-progressive CNS Phenylketonuria (Celtic people) Sickle Cell Disease (African descent) Tay-Sachs (Jews from eastern Europe) Thalassemia (Greek/Italian) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Avoid Harmful Substances Alcohol Nicotine Marijuana Cocaine Heroin HIV/AIDS-children may get the virus from the mother Next meeting: We will look at genetic defects in children Read Ch. 3 in Miller and Sammons