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Fundamentals of Genetics
Chapter 9
Background Information
Genetics is a field in biology that
deals with how characteristics are
transmitted from parents to their
offspring
 Gregor Johann Mendel founded this
study

Gregor
In 1842 at the age of 21 Gregor
Mendel lived at a monastery in
Brunn Austria
 In 1851 he moved the U. of Vienna
 He researched heredity (traits
transferred from parents to
offspring)

Mendel cont.
He worked primarily with garden
peas (Pisum sativum)
 He worked with plants that each had
two contrasting traits

Copy Traits
Parts of the Flower
Pollination
Mendel controlled how plants were
pollinated
 Mendel transferred pollen from the
male anther to the female stigma

Self vs. Cross Pollination

Self- When pollen is transferred to
the stigma on the same flower
Cross- Pollinating the pistil of a
different flower either on the same
plant or a different plant
His Experiments
1st started growing plants that were
pure for each of the 7 traits
 Plant’s that are pure produce
offspring with only the same trait
 Eventually he had 14 strains
 Each strain was called the parent
generation (P1 generation)

Experiments cont.

He then cross-pollinated plants for
the same charecteristic (yellow pods
with a green pods). He did this by
dusting the anther on the stigma of
the other plant
Experiments cont.
The offspring plants were called first
filial generation or the F1 generation
 He recorded what plant was made
(green or yellow)
 These new plants self pollinated and
made the F2 generation
 100’s of crosses later and a lot of
documentation gave us this 

Mendel’s Crosses Data
Recessive vs. Dominant
The trait found on the offspring in
the 1st filial generation was the
dominant trait
 The trait that came ¼ of the time on
the 2nd filial was recessive
