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Genetics Basics (10.2) State Standard 2C. Using Mendel’s laws, explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability. Click on a lesson name to select. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics How Genetics Began The passing of traits to the next generation is called __________, or __________. Mendel performed cross-pollination in _____ plants which are _____ __________and ____________________ Mendel followed various __________ in the pea plants he bred. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics The __________ __________is also known as the P generation. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics The offspring of this P cross are called the first filial (____) generation. The second filial (____) generation is the offspring from the F1 cross. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics Mendel studied seven different __________. Seed or pea color Flower color Seed pod color Seed shape or texture Seed pod shape Stem length Flower position Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics Genes in Pairs __________ An alternative form of a single __________ passed from generation to generation Dominant - _____________________________ Recessive - ____________________________ Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics Dominance Dominance – represented by a ________ letter Recessive – represented by a ________letter An organism with two of the ________ alleles for a particular trait is __________. An organism with two __________ alleles for a particular trait is __________. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics Genotype and Phenotype An organism’s __________ pairs are called its __________. The observable __________ or outward __________ of an allele pair is called the __________. An organism may have the same phenotype but either be __________ or __________. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics Mendel’s Law of __________ Two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis. During fertilization, two alleles for that trait unite. Heterozygous organisms are called __________. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics __________ Cross A cross that involves hybrids for a __________ trait is called a monohybrid cross. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics __________ Cross The simultaneous inheritance of two or more traits in the same organism is a dihybrid cross. Dihybrids are __________ for both traits. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics Law of __________ __________ Random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation Genes on separate chromosomes sort independently during meiosis. Each allele combination is equally likely to occur. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics __________ Squares __________ the possible offspring of a cross between two known genotypes Punnett Squares Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics 10.2 Mendelian Genetics Punnett Square— Dihybrid Cross Four types of alleles from the male gametes and four types of alleles from the female gametes can be produced. The resulting phenotypic ratio is __________. Chapter 10 Sexual Reproduction and Genetics __________ __________ The new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment Combinations of genes due to independent assortment can be calculated using the n formula 2 , where n is the number of chromosome pairs.