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Genetics Review Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel What organism did Mendel use to study genetics? Pea Plants Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is heredity called ___________________. Genetics _____________ is the study of how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. Recessive __________________ = An allele that IS MASKED BY the presence of another allele The appearance of an organism is its _____________ phenotype Another name for heterozygous hybrid The diagram at the right square is called a Punnett _____________ Dominant __________________ = An allele that MASKS the presence of another allele A recessive gene is represented lower case by a _________________ letter. _______________ Alleles are different gene choices for a trait. A dominant gene is represented by a ____________ letter. capital (usually the first letter of the trait) When both alleles in the pair are the SAME the organism is Homozygous or purebred ______________ When both alleles in the pair are DIFFERENT the organism is Heterozygous or hybrid _________________ A cross that involves only 1 trait monohybrid is called a ____________ cross. Homozygous (HO) or Heterozygous (HE)? TT ____ HO Yy ____ HE HE Hh ____ MmHE ____ Ee ____ HE kk HO ____ HO BB ____ HO ZZ ____ Determine the Phenotype: Pink flowers are dominant to red flowers Brown eyes are dominant to green eyes Pink PP _____________ Pink Pp _____________ Red pp _____________ Brown BB ____________ Brown Bb ____________ Green bb ____________ For each phenotype, list the genotype: Straight hair is dominant to curly. Square heads are dominant to round heads. SS SS ____________ straight ____________ square ____________ straight ____________ square Ss Ss ss ss ____________ curly ____________ round In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a black Guinea pig is crossed with a brown Guinea pig and the litter contains a brown baby, the genotype of the black parent is probably BB Bb bb Bb; Must have one B to be black must have one b to pass on to baby T = Tall t = short The genotype of the offspring from the cross at the right is Tt _________. tall Their phenotype is _________. G g G GG Gg g Gg gg The parents in this cross Heterozygous are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will have green pods? _______% 75 R r r Rr Rr r rr rr Red throats (R) are dominant over white (r) throats in Goonie birds. Make a cross between a PURE RECESSIVE and a HETEROZYGOUS Goonie bird. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) 50% red throats 50% white throats B b B BB Bb b Bb bb Make a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS rats. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) 75 % black eyes 25% red eyes Black eyes (B) are dominant over red eyes (b) in rats. The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Homozygous Heterozygous If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for short wings, what percentage of these offspring will have short wings? _______% 0% only ww makes it short t t T T Tt Tt Tt Tt In Reebops curly tails (T) are dominant over straight tails (t). Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT and a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE Reebop. What is the probability the offspring will have straight 0% tails? All will be Curly tailed (Tt) P p p P Pp Pp Pp Pp What will the offspring be like? (% and color) Purple (P)is the dominant color for monsters. Yellow is recessive (p). Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS purple and a yellow monster. 100% purple
