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Transcript
FCAT Saturday Living Things and How They Affect Each Other. Nicole’s teacher asked her to make a diagram of a good chain for a bulletin board. She gathered pictures and made the diagram shown below. What do the arrows represent? A. How energy flows between organisms B. How energy increases along a food chain C. How energy transfers from consumer to producer D. How energy remains constant along a food chain A. How energy flows between organisms The arrows represent the energy from the producer being transferred to the primary consumer and then to the secondary consumer The population of the world continues to grow, creating an increased need for fuel to heat our homes, schools and workplaces. Which of the following would best conserve Earth’s natural resources? A. Using more electricity as a source of heat B. Using more solar energy as a source of heat C. Sing more coal or charcoal as a source of heat D. Using more oil or natural gas a source of heat B. Using more solar energy as a source of heat Solar energy does not produce the pollution that the burning of fossil fuels creates Soil organisms such as fungi, worms and bacteria are all biotic parts of the woodland ecosystem. What is the role of these organisms in the woodland ecosystem? A. To provide nitrogen for the animals B. To obtain dissolved oxygen forum moisture C. To break down the remains of other living things D. To store chlorophyll for the photosynthesis process C. To break down the remains of other living things Fungi, worms and bacteria are all decomposers Fossil fuels are seen by scientists as a temporary energy source. Which aspect of fossil fuels encourages scientists to find other sources of energy production? A. It takes a very long time for fossil fuels to form B. The formation of fossil fuels results in pollution C. Fossil Fuels store energy for a short period of time D. Inadequate organic material exists to replace fossil fuels A. It takes a very long time for fossil fuels to form Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resources and can take millions of years to be formed Collard doves have a black half-collar, dark feathers, and a long, white edged tail. Until 1953, the collared dove had never been seen in the United Kingdom. The graph below show the population growth of the collared dove after it first arrived in the United Kingdom. Which of the following best explains why the curve flattens out at the X mark? A. Predators could not catch the doves B. Food in the environment was limited C. Severe winters destroyed nesting sites D. The doves were able to find many mates B. Food in the environment was limited The population became too large for the environment and the dove’s were competing for limited resources Earth’s stratosphere contains ozone. The ozone layer protects Earth from ultraviolet radiation. If the ozone layer is damaged, how will Earth be most affected? A. The ultraviolet radiation may result in damage to living things B. The ultraviolet radiation may cause air conditioning systems to overheat C. The ultraviolet radiation may rapidly increase the water temperature of the Pacific Ocean D. The ultraviolet radiation may permanently destroy some satellite communication systems A. The ultraviolet radiation may result in damage to living things The ozone layer protects us from UV radiation. Which of the following has the largest population in the Indian River Lagoon ecosystem? A. B. C. D. Crab Egret Flounder Phytoplankton D. Phytoplankton The organism with the largest population in an ecosystem is at the bottom of the pyramid In the Indian River ecosystem, many organisms compete with one another for food sources. Which organism in the food web competes with egrets for food? A. B. C. D. Clam Worm Crab Flounder Heron D. Heron The Egret and the Heron are both consumers of the Flounder Which of the following statements most accurately describes the energy transfer between the levels of the food pyramid in the Indian River Lagoon? A. Energy travels up the pyramid B. Energy stays in the phytoplankton at the lowest level C. Energy is released into the environment only at the top level D. Energy moves from the flounder to both the clam worms and egret A. Energy travels up the pyramid Energy flows from the phytoplankton at the bottom of the pyramid to the top The heart and intestine are organs in the human body that are mainly composed of muscles. What function do the muscles in these organs perform? A. B. C. D. Air exchange Growth and Repair Energy Production Contraction and Relaxation D. Contraction and Relaxation Muscles are part of the muscular system that function through contraction and relaxation Elena has been studying the inheritance of traits in humans. She learned that unattached earlobes (E) are dominant over attached earlobes (e). The Punnett Square shown below represents four children in one family. According to the results shown in the punnett square, what are the genotypes of the parents? A. EE and EE B. Ee and Ee C. EE and ee D. ee and ee B. Ee and Ee Each parent contributes an allele to each offspring. We can use the punnett squares and work backwards to get the genotypes of the parents The outer layer of human skin is the epidermis. The waxy outer layer of a plant’s leaf is the cuticle. What major function do human skin a a plants leaf cuticle share? A. B. C. D. Oxidation Protection Respiration Variation B. Protection The skin and the cuticle cover the outer portion of the organism to protect against disease and dehydration The human body has many different types of cells. Which of the following cells carries genetic information from parents to their children? B. Reproductive Cell Humans have specialized cells that carry genetic information from parents to children In one species of guinea pig, the gene for black fur is dominant while the gene for brown fur is recessive. A male guinea pig with black fur and female guinea pig with black fur produce a female offspring with brown fur. Which most likely describes the genes of the parent guinea pigs? A. B. C. D. Both parent guinea pigs carry the recessive gene The male parent guinea pig carries the recessive gene, but the female parent does not The female parent guinea pig carries the recessive gene, but the male parent does not Neither parent guinea pig carries the recessive gene, the brown fur was a spontaneous mutation A. Both parent guinea pigs carry the recessive gene The principle of dominance tells us that in order for the recessive trait to be seen in the offspring both parents must carry that allele The human body has three different kinds of muscles. Striated (skeletal) muscles cells move such structures as the arms and legs. Cardiac Muscle cells move blood into and out of the heart. Smoother muscle cells move food through the digestive system. While each of the muscle cells performs a different job, they function in a similar way. What makes muscle cells different from other cells in the body. A. B. C. D. Muscle cells can hold more blood than other cells Muscle cells can divide and reproduce at a faster rate than other cells Muscle cells can work together to contract and relax while other cells cannot Muscle cells can move freely to different parts of the body while other cells cannot C. Muscle cells can work together to contract and relax while other cells cannot The excretory system in the human body has several components. Some of them are identified in the diagram below. What is the relationship between the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder? A. They work together to transport blood B. They work independently with specialized functions C. They work together to maintain the chemical balance of blood D. They work as storage organs for fluids to prevent dehydration C. They work together to maintain the chemical balance of blood Sexual Reproduction for some fish occurs when the female fish lays eggs and the male fish locates the eggs and fertilizes them. What is the advantage in fertilized eggs outside the females body? A. Fewer eggs and sperm are needed B. Many sperm can fertilize the same egg C. Many of the eggs can be fertilized at the same time D. The fertilized eggs can produce offspring identical to one parent C. Many of the eggs can be fertilized at the same time A species of chicken has alleles for Black (B) or white (W) feathers. Neither of these genes is dominant. Mating between a black (BB) chicken and a white (WW) chicken produces all gray (BW) offspring. If two gray offspring mate, what percent of their offspring can be expected to have black feathers? A. B. C. D. 25% 50% 75% 100% A. 25% Complete a Punnett Square to determine the offspring A population of mice, some with light-colored fur and some with dark-colored fur, is introduced into a field with dark soil. A few generations later, the majority of the mice have dark-colored fur. Which of the following best explains this change? A. Light-colored mice can run faster B. Dark-colored mice have fewer offspring C. Light-colored mice have changed color over generations D. Dark-colored mice are better able to hide E. from their predators D. Dark-colored mice are better able to hide from their predators The dark-colored mice are able to blend in with their environment through physical adaptations Some diseases in humans are caused by genetic mutations. The mutated genes can then be passed from parent to child. Where does the replication of these mutated genes occur in the human cell? A. B. C. D. Nucleus Ribosome Cell Membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum A. Nucleus Genetic mutations occur in DNA which is located in the nucleus of cells The skeletal and muscular systems work together to enable the body to move. What is the main function of the skeletal system in relationship to the muscular system? A. B. C. D. To provide attachment points for muscles To assist muscles in growth and development To produce muscle cells inside the bone marrow To produce enzymes that help muscles repair themselves A. To provide attachment points for muscles