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FORMAL LAB NATURAL SELECTION Background • variety in phenotype is due to differences in genetic makeup • novel traits are produced randomly by genetic mutation • natural selection: “survival of the fittest” • selective pressure – environmental factor that leads to differential fitness based on the value of a particular trait • biotic or abiotic • examples? Objectives • design and carry out a controlled experiment • investigate the effect of mutations on the population of rabbits, in the presence of selective pressures General Procedure Define three factors in an online simulation. For a single scenario, you will pick one of each. Mutations brown fur long tail long teeth Selection factors predators (wolves) food supply (tough shrub is only available food Environmen t equator arctic source) • Design three different scenarios/hypotheses to test. Mutations – Three to choose from: a. brown fur (default is white rabbits) b. long tail (default is short tail) c. long teeth (default is short teeth) For this lab, only pick one mutation for each scenario. The goal is to determine the effect of that mutation alone, on the success of the rabbit. Selection Factors – two to choose from: a) wolves – natural predators of rabbits b) food supply – makes tough shrubbery the only available food. Tooth length plays a significant role in ability to use this food source! Environment – two to choose from: Equator Arctic For each of the three scenarios, formulate a hypothesis It is hypothesized that (select a rabbit phenotype) rabbits will be (more/ less) likely to survive under (type of selective factor) within the (select type of environment) environment, because..... (explain how their trait will help them to survive or not) Data Collection Population graph Experimental Population Generation number Phenotype: white Phenotype: brown Control Population Total Phenotype: white Total 3 (beginning) 4 7 10 (final) • pause simulation at certain generations and fill in population count • example table shown: white vs brown fur Control Population • need a baseline for comparison • want to see the effect of the mutation • compare against scenario where there is NO mutation (only one phenotype in the population) • keep all other factors (selection factor, environment) the same as your experimental population Analysis • formal lab report format • intro, procedure, results, discussion, conclusion, references • write up only one of the three experiments you designed and carried out • two important resources: • general format for all formal labs (on website) • specific requirements for this specific lab (included on lab sheet) Additional Notes • plan/carry out in groups of 1-2 • teacher approval before beginning simulation • individual lab report submissions • physical copy • Turnitin.com, same day (9 AM)