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• Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering Beckman 4261 Yingxiao Wang x36727 [email protected] http://imaging.bioen.uiuc.edu/yingxiao_wang/classes.htm • Objective To introduce the cutting-edge engineering technologies applied in the molecular and cellular biology research, i.e. how can the properties of genes, molecules, and cells be monitored, measured, manipulated, and modeled to advance our understanding of the complex biological system. Introduction • • • • • Cells Genomes Genomes Control Cellular Functions Molecules Reactions between Molecules • Cells and Genomes Different Cells Determine the Whole Multi-cellular Organism DNA Units and Assembly DNA Units and Assembly DNA Replication From DNA to Protein Transcription (From DNA to RNA) The Conformation of RNA Hepatitis Delta Virus The Function of Proteins tRNA Translation (mRNA->Protein) 3D Structure of Ribosome tRNAs Ribosome mRNA Gene and Regulatory DNA Bilayer of amphipathic Lipids Forming Membrane: Plasma Membrane Plasma Membrane Summary 1 •DNA->RNA->Protein •Replication, Transcription, Translation •DNA and RNA, phosphate+sugar+base •DNA, Double Helix, AGTC •RNA, tRNA, mRNA (AGUC), rRNA •RNA and Protein, Various 3D structures •Protein, enzyme, structure supports •Lipids, cell membrane Gene Alteration (I) Gene Alteration (II) Gene Comparison Cell Types Procaryotes (without nucleus) and Eucaryotes (with nucleus) An Eucaryotic Cell Phagocytosis White blood cell engulfing a red blood cell Mitochondrion Own tRNA, mRNA, ribosome, own circular DNA Proposed Hypothesis: the Origin of Mitochondria The Origin of Chloroplasts Environment and Cellular Functions and Fate Yeast: the Simplest Eucaryote Cell Model Microarray Study of Yeast Genome upon Stimulation Model Systems and the Ultimate Goal-Human Beings C-elegan Drosophila Mouse Mutational Genesis to Find Gene Functions in Model Systems Summary 2 •Gene Alterations: mutation, duplication, segment shuffling, horizontal transfer •Homologous gene comparison •Procaryote and Eucaryote cells (nucleus) •Eucaryote cells as predators •Environment effects on Gene expressions •Model systems: yeast, c elegans, drosophila, mouse •Gene mutagenesis