Download Genetic Testing

Genetic Testing
What is Genetic Testing?
• Looks at
– Chromosomes
– Genes
– Proteins
• Inherited disorders
• Definite? Probable? Possible?
Predictive Testing
• Who?
– Anyone -- any stage of life
• What?
– Used to detect gene mutations associated with
disorders that appear after birth, often later
in life.
• Definite -- Huntington’s Disease
• Possible -- breast cancer, colon cancer
– Can be helpful to people who have a family
member with a genetic disorder
- Can also CONFIRM a diagnosis
Newborn Screening
• Who?
– Newborns (within 1 week of birth)
– In WI, it is the law (screens for 48 disorders)
• What?
– Identify genetic disorders that can be treated
early in life.
– Blood test -- screens for metabolic and genetic
abnormalities
– Any abnormal results require a rescreen and
further follow-up tests
– http://www.slh.wisc.edu/newborn/
Carrier Testing
• Who?
– Parents:
• Families with a history of recessive genetic disorders
(ex. cystic fibrosis, tay-sachs, sickle cell anemia)
• From certain ethnic groups with an increased risk of
specific genetic conditions.
• What?
– Identifies people who carry one copy of a gene
mutation that, when present in two copies,
causes a genetic disorder.
– If both parents are tested, the test can
provide information about a couple’s risk of
having a child with a genetic condition.
Prenatal Testing
• Who?
– Offered during pregnancy if increased risk of
genetic or chromosomal disorder
– DNA is taken from the fetus
• What?
– Detects changes in a fetus’s genes or
chromosomes before birth (ex. Down’s
syndrome)
• Can lessen a couple’s uncertainty or help them make
decisions about a pregnancy.
• Cannot identify all possible inherited disorders and
birth defects
Preimplantation Genetic
Diagnosis (PGD)
• Who?
– Embryos
• What?
– IVF -- test for genetic changes in
embryo before implantation
– Can reduce the risk of having a child
with a particular genetic or chromosomal
disorder.
– In some ways, with PGD you can choose
the traits of your kids.
– GATTACA