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Blood Typing Types • There are four types of blood due to the surface molecules present. • These surface molecules are called antigens. • The four types are: –A –B – AB –O Importance • Why do we need to know our blood type? – Transfusion--Incompatible blood types could clump together and result in death. – Cases of disputed parentage Donating & Receiving Blood Type: A Can give to: A, AB Can receive from: A, O B B, AB B, O AB AB A, B, AB, O O A, B, AB, O O Universals • Universal Donor: Type O – Can donate blood to any blood type • Universal Recipient: Type AB – Can receive blood from any blood type What does the + and – mean? • The Rh factor genetic information is also inherited from our parents, but it is inherited independently of the ABO blood type alleles. • There are 2 different alleles for the Rh factor known as Rh+ and Rh-. • Someone who is "Rh positive" has at least one Rh+ allele, but could have two. Their genotype could be either Rh+/Rh+ or Rh+/Rh-. Someone who Rh- has a genotype of Rh-/Rh-. Inheriting Blood Type • Inherited from your mother & father. • Caused by multiple alleles. – (In other words, more than two alleles exist for a trait.) • Due to the presence or absence of certain molecules on the surface of red blood cells. Blood Genetics • The gene for blood type is “I”. • There are three different alleles: – IA – IB –i • IA and IB are co-dominant and i is recessive. – This means that neither A or B will block out the other. Genotypes & Phenotypes Phenotype Genotype(s) A IAIA or IAi B IBIB or IBi AB IAIB O ii Disputed Parentage • A lady has a baby but is unsure of who the father is. The child has AB blood and the mother has type A. • We know a man with Type O blood could not be the father. • The father would have to have type B blood. • Remember: Blood tests alone cannot prove a definite father, indicates only that he could be. Practice • Mom is heterozygous for type B blood. • Dad is heterozygous for type A blood. • What are the possible blood types for their children?