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Liver Transplant Pierre Png and Andrea De Cruz • Liver donated will be regenerated by the body ASSIMILATION Transport and use of absorbed food by body cells Food substances are converted to new protoplasm and used to provide energy. 3 After a hearty meal…. in pancreas When you are fasting… in pancreas Protein formation Amino acid as the building blocks for proteins amino acids Polypeptides weak bonds protein 6 Deamination of amino acid What are we going to learn today? The 6 important functions of the liver! What are the functions of the Liver? 1. Regulation of blood glucose concentration 2. Protein synthesis 3. Metabolism (deamination) of amino acid 4. Iron storage Iron storage • Worn-out red blood cells – destroyed in spleen (a gland found near the liver). • Liver breaks down the hemoglobin and stores the iron. • Bile pigments are also formed from the breakdown of haemoglobin. Locate the spleen ! liver stomach spleen gall bladder pancreas duodenum kidney small intestines What are the functions of the Liver? 1. Regulation of blood glucose concentration 2. Protein synthesis 3. Metabolism (deamination) of amino acid 4. Iron storage 5. Production of bile How about fatty acids and glycerol?? Liver secretes bile salts. Fatty acid R COOH It has an acidic group (-COOH) linked to a long hydrocarbon chain denoted by R. How are fatty acids are transported? Fatty acids and glycerol recombines and diffuse into lymph vessels Lymphatic system Circulatory system Liver How are fatty acids (from fats) utilized? • least to be broken down • converted by the liver, to forms that can be oxidised and stored • used to build protoplasm (e.g. in cell membrane) adipocytes adipocytes What are the functions of the Liver? 1. Regulation of blood glucose concentration 2. Protein synthesis 3. Metabolism (deamination) of amino acid 4. Iron storage 5. Production of bile 6. Detoxification (breakdown of alcohol) Detoxification • Is the process where harmful substances are converted into harmless ones • Alcohol is broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase (an enzyme) to give acetaldehyde (a compound) • Acetaldehyde can be broken down further during respiration to provide energy for cellular activities Class Activity Effects of excessive consumption of Alcohol Nervous system Addictive ( strong desire to drink alcohol) Depressant (slow down function of the brain loss of muscular control, slow down reaction time and poor judgment high accident rates in drunk drivers reduced self-control Effects of excessive consumption of Alcohol Stomach ulcer Alcohol stimulates secretion of acid in stomach and causes irritation of its wall Effects of excessive consumption of Alcohol Circulatory system Dilation of blood capillaries under the skin: more blood flows to skin Causes heart related diseases Effects of excessive consumption of Alcohol Social effects Neglect family and work Create family and financial problems Increases crime rates Becomes aggressive and violent Effects of excessive consumption of Alcohol Liver damage Liver cirrhosisliver cells destroyed and replaced by fibrous tissue Not enough healthy liver cells for function. Hardening of the liver Leads to death Healthy Liver Unhealthy Liver Normal Liver -----Liver Inflammation-- Liver Cirrhosis--- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Functions of the Liver 1. Regulation of blood glucose concentration 2. Protein synthesis 3. Metabolism (deamination) of amino acid 4. Production of bile 5. Iron storage 6. Detoxification (breakdown of alcohol) Thus, the Liver remains the… • Largest and most important metabolic organ in the body! End. Have we learnt? INGESTION Taking in food DIGESTION Breakdown of complex food substances to soluble food substances ABSORPTION Digested food diffuses into bloodstream ASSIMILATION Transport and use of absorbed food by body cells EGESTION Removal of undigested food 7-Year-Old Girl Has Six Organs Removed for Tumor Surgery Doctor (Surgeon) • Dr. Tomoaki Kato • New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital Patient: • Heather McNarama Auto-transplantation is the transplantation of tissue from one part of the body to another in the same individual. What is your view about legalizing organ transplant? Class activity Main Function of the liver