Download From DNA to Proteins

DNA Review Sheet Answers
1. Determines an organism’s traits; molecule of
heredity
2. Hershey and Chase
3. Made of nucleotides
4. Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
5. A-T C-G
6. Drawing Of DNA
7. Watson and Crick
8. Omit
DNA Review Sheet Answers
9. Double helix
10. 1. separation of strands
2. add nucleotide
3. bond with new nucleotides
4. end with 2 double helixes
11. Different sequences with same nitrogren
bases
DNA Structure Model
Choose 6 different colors.
One color for adenine, one color for thymine, one color for
cytosine, one color for guanine, one color for sugar, and
one color for phosphate.
Color all A’s the same, color all T’s same, color all C’s
same, Color all G’s same, color all sugars/squares
same, and color all blocks behind sugar same color.
COLOR BEFORE CUTTING !!!!!
CUT out the bases individually should have total of 8
Cut out DNA structures paste on construction paper and
then paste nitrogen bases. A-T G-C
Cut out 1st paragraph on worksheet from the word “The” to
“message” Also cut out title “Structure of DNA” paste
From DNA to Proteins
11.2 Notes
RNA: Ribonucleic Acid
• Is a nucleic acid
• Single stranded
• Sugar is ribose
• 4 Nitrogen Bases
1. Cytosine C
2. Guanine G
3. Adenine A
4. Uracil
U
A
G
U
C
U
G
RNA (cont)
• 3 Types of RNA:
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): brings
instructions from DNA to cytoplasm
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): binds to the
mRNA and uses the instructions to
assemble amino acids.
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA): delivers
amino acids to the ribosome.
Overall Process to Make Proteins
Transcription
Translation
Transcription
• Making a copy of RNA from DNA
• Steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA unwinds
RNA matches up to DNA
A single strand of RNA is made
DNA coils up
Transcription
• How RNA matches to DNA
DNA Strand:
A
T
C
G
RNA Strand:
U
A
G
C
RNA Processing
• Cleaning up the RNA strand
• Not all parts of DNA code for
proteins.
• Intron—does not code for
protein
• Exon—does code for protein
• Introns are removed before
moving on to next step
The Genetic Code
• Proteins are made of amino
acids
• There are 20 amino acids
• 3 nitrogen bases code for one
amino acid—called a codon
• There are 64 possible codons
• All organisms use the same
codons
Translation
• Making an amino acid from mRNA
• Takes place in ribosome
• Steps:
1. mRNA attaches to ribosome
2. tRNA with amino acid binds to
mRNA
3. tRNA releases amino acid
4. Next tRNA binds to mRNA
5. Peptide bond forms between amino
acid
6. tRNA releases its amino acid
7. Steps are repeated until stop
codon is reached.
A chain of amino acids becomes a
protein when correct shape is
formed.
Starter: March 5, 2010: Copy all of the following,
answering any questions
2.01a: Replication:
Question 1: Describe the process of DNA
Replication.
2.01b: Protein Synthesis:
Question 2: List three differences between DNA
and RNA.
Question 3: Describe the process of transcription
and where it happens.