Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS GOAL 2 - Goal 2.01 - Compare and contrast structure and functions of organic molecules 1. What are the characteristics of living things? • Made of cells, Have DNA, Grow and develop, Respond to stimuli, Evolve, Reproduce, Maintain homeostasis, Obtain energy 2. 2 main elements that make up an organic molecule? • Carbon and Hydrogen 3. Name the 4 organic compounds • • • • Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids 4. Monomer of nucleic acids • Nucleotide 5. Monomer of lipids • Glycerol and Three Fatty Acids 6. Monomer of carbohydrates • Monosaccharide 7. Monomer of proteins • Amino Acids hooked together with Peptide bonds 8. 3 parts of a nucleotide • 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base 9. Building blocks of organisms, enzymes, last energy source, insulin • Protein 10. Long-term energy storage, protective coatings, hormones, component of cell membrane • Lipids 11. Quick energy, structure of cell walls, fiber in diet • Carbohydrates 12. Genetic material that codes for the production of protein • Nucleic Acids 13. Plants store glucose in the polysaccharide • Starch 14. Animals store glucose in the polysaccharide • Glycogen 15. Plant cell walls are made of _____ and Fungi cell walls are made of ____. • • Cellulose Chitin 16. Amino acids are held together by: • Peptide Bonds 17. Complimentary base pairs in DNA are held together by : • Weak Hydrogen Bonds 18. The suffix –ase indicates a ______ and –ose indicates a ________. • Enzyme - Lactase • Sugar - Lactose 19. 1:2:1 ratio is a____. • Carbohydrate – ex. Glucose C6H12O6 20. Another name for a protein is a • Polypeptide 21. Weak acid or base that absorbs changes in pH • Buffer 22. PH of 0-6.9 ______, pH of 7.0 is_____, pH of 7.1 to14 is_____. • Acidic • Neutral • Basic Goal 2.02 - Investigate and describe the structure and function of cells. 23. Cell type with a nucleoid region, ribosomes, cell wall, cytoplasm and a plasmid • Prokaryote 24. Cell with membrane bound organelles including the nucleus • Eukaryote 25. Prokaryote Kingdoms • • • Archaebacteria Eubacteria (collectively known as Monera) 26. Eukaryote kingdoms • • • • Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia 27. 2 organic compounds that make up viruses • • Protein capsid Nucleic Acids 28. Is a virus cellular? • No, it must have a host to reproduce 29. Provides structure in bacteria, fungi, and plants • Cell wall 30. Maintains homeostasis in a cell by allowing transport through it • Cell Membrane 31. Aid in animal cell division • Centrioles 32. Hair-like structures that work as oars for movement • Cilia 33. Whips for movement • Flagella 34. Make proteins (including enzymes) • Ribosomes 35. Watery gel where metabolism occurs • Cytoplasm 36. Makes energy for eukaryotic cells • Mitochondria 37. Cell part that turns inorganic compounds into organic compounds in plants (photosynthesis) • Chloroplasts 38. Stores water, food, and waste • Vacuole 39. 3 organelles plant cells have that animals do not • • • Chloroplast, Cell Wall, Large Central Vacuole 40. What two organic compounds make up the cells membrane ? • Lipids • Proteins 41. Which molecule allows for communication between cells? • Proteins 42. Cell that has the protein hemoglobin to carry oxygen ? • Red Blood Cell 43. Cell that fights infection ? • White Blood Cell 44. Cell that clots blood ? • Platelet 45. Cell that conducts electrical impulses ? • Neuron Goal 2.03 - Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system and transport 46. For transport to occur there must be a ____? • Concentration Gradient (difference in concentration) 47. Transport in a cell occurs across the _____? • Cell Membrane (Plasma) 48. This is a picture of the ___? • Cell or Plasma Membrane 49. Transport will continue until __________ is reached • Equilibrium 50. Transport that does not require energy, moving from a high to low gradient • Passive Transport 51. Transport that requires energy moving from low to high • Active Transport 52. Draw arrows to show which way the water will move. Label hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. • 2 2 20 0 0 • Iso 2 0 1 0 hypo 2 4 0 0 hyper 53. A red blood cell in salt water will • Lose mass and shrink 54. A red blood cell in fresh water will • Gain mass and pop 55. The part of a plant cell that prevents it popping in a hypotonic solution is the _____. • Cell Wall 56. The plant cell has high turgor pressure (osmotic pressure) when it is placed in ______ which ____. • Water • makes the vacuole full and pushes the cell membrane tight to the cell wall 57. Low turgor pressure causes a plant to _____ causing _______. • wilt • the vacuole to shrink and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall. 58. The three types of passive transport are • diffusion, • osmosis, • facilitated diffusion 59. Active transport into the cell is _____ and out of the cell is _____. • endocytosis – (pinocytosis and phagocytosis) • exocytosis 60. Pumping sodium and potassium ions across the membrane against the concentration gradient is an example of • active transport 61. Movement of oxygen out of water and into the gills of fish or out of the alveoli and into the capillaries of a mammal are examples of ___. • diffusion 62. Movement of water with the concentration gradient is called______. • osmosis 63. Show which way the water will move. • Left to right • causing an increase in water on the right and a decrease of the water on the left. 64. Use the table to mark the hypo, iso, or hypertonic Solution Type Change in mass of potato Iso, Hypo, Hyper Distilled Water +10.2 ? 10% Molasses +6.3 ? 20% Molasses +2.1 ? 30% Molasses -1.9 ? 40% Molasses -6.0 ? 50% Molasses -9.4 ? Infer where the isotonic solution would be on the graph. 25% Goal 2.04 - Investigate and describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importance in biological systems. 65. Organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed • Enzyme 66. Part of the enzyme that is highly specific is the _______________. • Active Site, (Lock and Key Model) 67. Enzymes are _____ which are made in the ______. • Proteins • Ribosome 68. What temperature does enzyme A work best at? Enzyme B? • A - 47ºC • B – 78ºC) 69. What pH does enzyme 3 work best at? • • • • • 3 works best at 10 (basic), 2 at 6 (acidic), 1 at 3 (very acidic) 1 & 2 best at4.5 2 & 3 at 7.5 70. Factors that impact enzyme functioning are • • • • pH, temperature, concentration of enzyme, Amount of substrate present 71. In the wrong environment an enzymes’ active site changes or _____ causing it to no longer work. • Denatures because the bond weakens Goal 2.05 - Investigate and analyze bioenergetic reactions. 72. All energy on Earth originates from • Sun 73. Organisms that can convert radiant energy to chemical energy are called • Autotrophs or Producers. 74. The process in which two inorganic compounds are converted into organic compounds is called • Photosynthesis 75. Plants diffuse ________ in through their stomata and _________ in through their roots. • CO2 (carbon dioxide) • H2O (water) 76. In the _____(organelle) these raw materials are converted into _______ an organic compound and ______ that diffuses out through the stomata of the leaf. • Chloroplast • C6H12O6 (glucose) • O2 (oxygen) 77. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is • 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 77. The ______ reaction requires the ______ in the thylakoids to absorb energy from the sun to split water forming _______. • light dependent • Pigment • O2 (oxygen) 78. The major pigment in photosynthesis is • chlorophyll 79. The _____ converts the carbon dioxide into the chemical energy molecule • Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction) • C6H12O6 80. Draw a graph of increasing light intensity verses photosynthetic rates. 81. The most effective colors of light in photosynthesis are • white which has the important colors red and blue in it. 82. The least effective color is • green 83. All organisms make energy by • cellular respiration 84. The chemical equation for cellular respiration is • C6H12O6 + O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP 85. Which test tube are the bubbles due to carbon dioxide? • B 86. Which test tube are the bubbles due to oxygen? C • C 87. Which test tube would serve as a control (standard of comparison)? • A 88. Respiration in the presence of oxygen is called _______ which produces _____ ATP. • aerobic respiration • 36-38 89. Respiration that occurs without oxygen is called ______ and only produces ____ ATP. This process is also called _________. • anaerobic respiration • 2 • Fermentation 90. Fermentation that occurs in yeasts making bread and alcohol is called • alcoholic fermentation. 91. Fermentations that occurs in muscle cells and makes cheese and yogurt is • lactic acid fermentation.