Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Nutrition in dentistry Vitamins Vitamin B1 thiamine function – coenzyme (oxidative decarboxylation...) Symptoms Deficiency: beri-beri exudative (wet) form – heart insufficiency, oedema dry form – polyneuritis, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome B1 deficiency – chronic alcoholism Beri-beri Vitamin B2 riboflavin function – coenzyme (redox reactions... ) Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: angular cheilosis, atrophy of filliform papilae, shiny red lips, sore tongue Other symptoms conjuctivitis, dermatitis, anaemia, mental retardation Vitamin B2 angular cheilosis conjuctivitis atrophy of filliform papilae Vitamin B3 niacin, nicotinic acid function – coenzyme (redox reactions...) Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: angular cheilosis, mucositis, stomatitis, oral pain, ulceration, denuded tongue, glositis, glossodynia, red and swollen tip or borders of tongue, dorsum is dry and smooth Other symptoms Deficiency: Pelagra (3D) – dermatitis, diarhea, dementia cheilosis glossodynia mucositis glositis Pelagra - dermatitis Folic acid Tetrahydrofolic acid function – biosynthesis of purins → DNA Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: angular cheilosis, mucositis, stomatitis, oral pain, sore or burning mouth, increased risk of candidiasis, inflamed gingiva, glossitis, glossodynia, red and swollen tips or borders of tongue, aphtous ulcers Other symptoms Deficiency: macrocytic anaemia, diarhea, weight loss candidiasis inflamed gingiva aphtous ulcers macrocytic anaemia macrocytes normal RBC Vitamin B6 pyridoxine function – coenzyme (amino acid metabolism...) Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: angular cheilosis, sore or burning mouth, glossitis, glossodynia Other symptoms Deficiency: neuritis, diarhea, dermatitis, anaemia, seizures Vitamin B12 cyanocobalamine function – coenzyme, folate metabolism... Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: angular cheilosis, mucositis, stomatitis, sore or burning mouth, haemorrhage gingiva, halitosis, dysplasia of oral mucosa, loss of taste, oral pain, ulceration, glossitis, glossodynia, red tongue, xerostomia, aphtous ulcers Other symptoms Deficiency: pernicious anaemia, neurological signs halitosis xerostomia Vitamin C ascorbic acid function – reducing agent, antioxidant, collagen biosynthesis, iron absorption, immunity... Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: Scurvy – red swollen gingiva, gingival friability, periodontal destruction, increased tooth mobility and exfoliation, sore burning mouth, soft tissue ulceration, increased risk of candidiasis, malformed teeth (inadequate dentine) Other symptoms Deficiency: fragility of vessel wall, impaired development of bones Scurvy Vitamin A retinol function – vision, growth and differentiation of epitels Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: impaired tissue healing and regeneration, desquamation of oral mucosa, keratosis, increases risk of candidiasis, gingival hypertrophy and inflammation, leukoplakia, decreased taste sensitivity, xerostomia, disturbed enamel development, increased caries risk Excess: impaired wound healing Other symptoms Deficiency: night blindness, xerophtalmia, mucosa dryness Excess: hepatosplenomegalia, anaemia, hair loss desquamation of oral mucosa keratosis gingival hypertrophy and inflammationm leukoplakia disturbed enamel development xerostomia caries Vitamin D calcitriol function – hormone, Ca metabolism Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, incomplete mineralisation of teeth Excess: pulp calcification, enamel hypoplasia Other symptoms Deficiency: osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets Excess: Ca mobilisation from bones, kidney stones pulp calcification enamel hypoplasia osteoporosis rickets Vitamin K function – blood clotting Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: increased risk of bleeding Vitamin E tocopherol function – antioxidant Minerals Fluoride Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: decreased resistance to caries Excess: enamel hypoplasia (fluorosis) Iron Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: angular cheilosis, pallor of lips and oral mucosa, sore, burning tongue, glossitis Other symptoms Deficiency: anaemia Calcium Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: incomplete mineralisation of teeth, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, bone fragility, increased tooth mobility and premature loss Other symptoms Deficiency: rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis Zinc Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: loss of taste and tongue sensation, delayed wound healing, increased susceptibility to periodontal disease, candidiasis, xerostomia, caries Other symptoms Deficiency: impaired immune function Magnesium Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: alveolar bone fragility, gingival hypertrophy Phosphorus Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: incomplete mineralisation of teeth, increased susceptibility to caries if deficient during tooth formation, increased susceptibility to periodontal disease Other nutrients Carbohydrate Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: decreased risk of caries Excess (except fibre): caries Fats Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: angular cheilosis, pallor of lips and oral mucosa, sore burning tongue, atrophy of filliform papillae, increased risk of candidiasis, glossitis Excess: no effect (teeth) but Proteins Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: defect of tooth composition, eruption pattern, resistance to decay, increased susceptibility to soft tissue infraction, poor tissue healing and regeneration Excess: no effect Water Oral signs and symptoms Deficiency: dehydratation and fragility of epitelial tissue, decreased muscle strength for chewing, xerostomia, burning tongue