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Notes: Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration • Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars and other carbon- based molecules • aerobic (requires oxygen) • Takes place in mitochondria Cellular Respiration Overall Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → →→→6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP How is this different from photosynthesis? Glycolysis • Means “glucose breaking” • C6H12O6 (glucose) broken into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid • Produces 2 molecules of ATP Glycolysis • Occurs in the cytoplasm next to the mitochondria • Anaerobic process (does not require oxygen) • Reactant: Glucose • Product: 2 ATP and Pyruvic Acid • This will enter the mitochondria for further processing Aerobic Respiration • Aerobic Respiration takes place in two main stages • Requires oxygen (aerobic) • Occurs in the mitochondria Aerobic Respiration Step 1: Kreb’s Cycle • Takes place in interior space of mitochondria called the matrix (liquid inside mitochondria) • Pyruvic acid made in glycolysis are broken down further Aerobic Respiration Step 1: Kreb’s Cycle • This produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and ATP. • ATP is transferred to 2nd step of aerobic respiration. •Reactants: Pyruvic Acid •Products: CO2 and 2 ATP Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Electron Transport Chain • Takes place in inner membrane (cristae) • ATP is transferred to electron transport chain from Kreb’s Cycle Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Electron Transport Chain • Oxygen enters process and picks up electrons and hydrogen to make H2O (water) • Many enzymes required for process • 34 ATP produced for a total of 36 including glycolysis • Reactants: ATP and O2 • Products: H2O and 34ATP Overall Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → →→→6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Fermentation • Anaerobic process • Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable Fermentation • Glycolysis makes 2 ATP • Better to make two than none! Fermentation Types 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation– occurs in muscle cells 2. Alcoholic Fermentation Energy and Exercise • Short Term Energy • Cells contain only enough ATP for a few seconds of intense activity • Then cells rely on lactic acid fermentation (can supply for about 90 seconds) • Lactic acid build-up causes burning in muscles. Only way to get rid of lactic acid is chemical pathway that requires oxygen (why you breathe heavy after heavy exercise.) Energy and Exercise • Long Term Energy • Cellular respiration only way to produce continuous supply of ATP • Energy stored in muscles and other tissue in form of carbohydrate glycogen • Enough glycogen for about 15 to 20 min • When glycogen used up, body breaks down other stored molecules including fats, for energy.