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Evolution
Evidence for Evolution
Other Evidence for Evolution:
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Adaptations – Camouflage, Mimicry
Fossils
Anatomy
Embryology
Biochemistry – DNA Evidence
Structural adaptations have been
observed in populations of birds,
insects, and many other organisms.
 Example:
Camouflage adaptations of
mantids that live in different environments…
Adaptations: Camouflage
Hi!
Scorpion fish
Adaptations: Mimicry
moth caterpillar
katydid
Adaptations: Mimicry
viceroy butterfly
monarch butterfly
Analyzing Fossil Evidence
Fossil: a trace of a long-dead organism
 Biological diversity: many different fossils
found showing different species or
subspecies.
 Episodic speciation: time when a large
number of species appear
 Mass extinction: brief periods in time
where large numbers of species
disappeared (Ex: dinosaurs)
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Fossils
The fossil record provides evidence
for the theory of evolution.
Elephant evolution
based on fossils
Sedimentary Fossil Formation
Pair Share
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In your own words, explain how mimicry
is different from camouflage.
Anatomy:

Homologous
structures:
similar in
function and
organisms do
share common
origin.
Forearm bones in mammals
Homologous structures
Anatomy:
• Analogous structures: similar in
function, but organisms do not share a
common origin.
Example: Insect wings and bird wings.
Anatomy:
 Vestigial
structures: body parts that
have lost their function over time and
are now useless.
 Examples: human appendix
Embryology: Vertebrate embryos are
similar, pointing to common origin.
Embryology
Developmental homology
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry: Similarities in DNA
sequence and thus amino acid sequence
point to a common origin.
The fewer the differences, the more closely
related two organisms are.
 Cladogram: Visual way to show how
closely related species are.
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Pair Share
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a)
b)
c)
d)
Refer to the
illustration. The
bones labeled A
are known as
vestigial structures.
sequential
structures.
homologous
structures.
fossil structures.
Pair Share
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a)
b)
c)
d)
Evidence for evolution includes all of the
following except
some members of the same species show
different traits.
similarities and differences in protein and
DNA sequences between organisms.
the fossil record.
homologous structures
Pair Share
The occurrence of the same blood protein
in a group of species provides evidence
that these species
a. evolved in the same habitat.
b. evolved in different habitats.
c. descended from a common ancestor.
d. descended from different ancestors.