Download Performance Modifiers

Performance Modifiers
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The Problem
•After the realization that animals had a
need for protein supplementation the
livestock industry was still trying to
find ways to increase efficiency and
productivity.
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The Solution
• Practical methods of utilizing synthetic or
manufactured compounds to enhance
growth and efficiency were developed.
• These Compounds:
– Performance Modifiers
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What is a Performance Modifier?
• Somatotropins
– Proteins that affect the utilization of energy in
the body
– Produced in the pituitary gland, located at the
base of the brain.
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Performance Modifiers
• Examples
– Injectables
• Bovine Somatotropin (BST)
• Porcine Somatotropin (PST)
– Implants
• Growth hormones and steriods
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Bovine Somatotropin (BST)
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BST and the Cow
• Produced naturally in the pituitary gland,
located at the base of the brain.
• Causes energy derived from feed to be used
for milk production rather than for weight
gain.
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Without BST?
Energy From Food
• Growth
Milk
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With BST
Energy from Feed
Growth
Milk
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Genetic Engineering & BST
• The advancement in technology has allowed
for the manufacture of “recombinant bovine
somatotropin” (rBST)
• The Food and Drug Administration
approved rBST for use in November of
1993.
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Administration of BST
• Recommendation:
– Injections should begin 9 weeks after the cow
has calved
– Repeat injection every 14 days throughout
lactation
– Discontinue use 2 weeks before the end of
lactation
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What cows should have BST?
• The cow should be:
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In good body condition
Gaining weight
Well managed
Fed a balanced ration with high quality forage
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Which cows should NOT have
BST?
• Cows with:
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Poor health
Poorly balanced rations
Inadequate feed
High somatic cell count
Stress
Breeding problems
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Benefits of BST?
• Increase milk
production
– 5 to 15 pounds/day
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Normal
+BST
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Is it worth it?
That is for the farmer to determine!
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Porcine Somatotropin (PST)
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What is PST?
A protein produced in the pituitary gland
Growth Regulator
Production of PST decreases as a pig
matures
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What are the benefits of PST?
Improves feed efficiency
Improves gain
Decreases fat deposition
Causing less back fat
Produces more muscle mass
Leading to a bigger loin eye area
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Making PST Successful
Diet must consist of more protein and
amino acids to support the increased growth
rate.
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Genetic Engineering & PST
• PST is produced in the pituitary gland at the
base of the brain.
• Synthetically producing PST
– Scientists have isolated the gene from the pig
and inserted it into E. coli
– E. coli then produces PST synthetically
– The PST is then isolated and injected into the
pig
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Beef Cattle & Growth Implants
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Growth Implants
• Have been extensively used in beef
production for over 30 years
• Can be used in cattle from 45 days old and
up
– Use of implants in NOT recommended for
replacement heifers or breeding bull calves
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Benefits of Growth Implants
• Suckling Calves
– Improved weaning weights of 3-5%
• Feeder calves
– Improved feed efficiency and gain of 5-15%
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Implant Use
• Injected into the
middle third of the
back side of the ear
• Outside the cartilage
ring at the base of the
ear
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Nutrition Is Key!
• Cattle must have adequate nutrition before
the use of implants positively influences
feed efficiency and gain
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Problems with Growth Implants
• Carcass Composition
– Heavy carcass weight with large frame, exotic
cattle
– Poor yield grades in heifers with certain types
of implants
– Poor quality grades if implanting schedules are
not managed appropriately
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The key to successful results
from implants depend on…
Good
Management
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