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Biotechnology in
Livestock Production
Definition
the
science of altering
genetic and reproductive
processes in plants and
animals
Two areas
genetic
engineering
embryo transfer
Genetic Engineering
is
based on a technology
involving recombinant DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Genetic Engineering
involves
taking a tiny bit of
DNA containing the desired
gene from one organism and
splicing it into the DNA
strand of another organism
Genetic Engineering
purpose
- to have the
recipient organism take on
the characteristic controlled
by the transferred gene
Examples
disease
resistant animals
growth regulators
new drugs and vaccines
Examples
specify
size and sex of
animals
organism that “eats” oil used
in the Persian Gulf
BST
Bovine
Somatotropin
(Bovine Growth Hormone)
Somatotropins are proteins
that affect the utilization of
energy in the body
BST
causes
energy derived from
feed to be used for milk
production rather than weight
gain
BST
 does
not reduce energy
available for body maintenance
 increases energy available by
improving breakdown of fat and
increasing appetite
BST
small
amounts of BST are
produced naturally in the
cow by the pituitary gland
BST
previously,
the only source of
BST for research has been
from pituitary glands of dead
cows
BST
now,
because of genetic
engineering, large quantities
of BST can be produced
BST
gene
that controls BST
production is spliced into the
DNA of a bacteria
“Agrobacteria”
is injected into a cow
BST
causing
increased BST
production in the cow
BST
research
at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison and
Cornell University in New
York has showed an average
increase of 40% over
lactation (305 days)
Formula
20,000#
X 40% = 8000# of
extra milk
8000# @ $10/cwt =$800
Porcine Somatotropin
is
produced naturally by the
pituitary gland of the pig
it acts as a growth regulator
PST
production
decreases as an
animal matures
PST
produced
through RDNA
technology
PST
how
it works
A. causes an increase in cell
division in muscle tissue.
B. causes decrease in fat
storage and increases in
accumulation of protein.

PST
C.
improves feed efficiency
and decrease fat deposition
Results
A.
increase in feed efficiency
29%
B. increase daily gain 19%
C. increase loin eye area 12%
D. decreases fat 33%
Results
must
be injected daily
Opposition to
“Biotech”
people
fear
production of new
uncontrollable disease
freak animals
Opposition to
“Biotech”
long
term adverse effects of
environment from products
1. Two primary areas of
biotechnology
A. genetic engineering and tissue culture
 B. tissue culture and rDNA technology
 C. genetic engineering and embryo transfer
 D. rDNA technology and plasmid mapping

2. BST stands for:
A. Been Seen Talking
 B. Bovine Somathing
 C. Bovine Somatotropin

Biotech in Crop
Production
lowered
costs and increased
yields
improved feeding values
new corn plant
3. BST is produced naturally in the
cow in the ____
A. pituitary gland
 B. endocrine gland
 C. spleen
 D. thyroid gland

4. The use of BST has shown the
following results in dairy cattle:
A. increased milk production by 35% each
day
 B. Decreased milk production by 15% over
the lactation
 C. Increased fat deposition
 D. Increased milk production by 40% over a
305 day lactation

Biotech in Crop
Production
produces
higher levels of
tryptophan
amino acid essential for
protein formation in an
animals body.
5. BST and PST are produced
through:
A. selective breeding of livestock
 B. genetic engineering and rDNA
technology
 C. splicing the gene that controls BST or
PST production into agrobacteria and
injecting into the animal
 D. both B And C

Biotech in Crop
Production
the
first plant patented
6. Functions of PST are:
A. increasing feed efficiency
 B. increasing cell division of muscle tissue
 C. decreases fat storage and increases the
accumulation of protein
 D. All of the above

Other areas
researched
herbicide
resistance
pest resistance
frost resistance
salt tolerant
drought resistance
7. The first plant to be patented was:
A. Wheat
 B. Rice
 C. barley
 D. sorghum
 E. corn

8. Corn plants have been developed
that:
A. have increased levels of creatine
 B. have increased levels of tryptophan
 C. have decreased levels of tryptophan
 D. have increased levels of argenine

Embryo Transfer
well
established in cattle
industry, especially dairy
Process
cow
is treated with hormones
to cause “superovulation”
can produce as many as 25
eggs
Process
donor
cow then artificially
inseminated
Process
during
this process,
“Recipient” cows or heifers
are treated with hormones to
synchronize their heat cycle
to be the same as the donor
cow.
Process
after
the eggs are fertilized
and before they leave the
oviduct, the cow is “flushed”
with a saline solution or a
solution of egg yolk and
D.M.S.O.
Process
ovaries
and oviducts are
massaged & flushed with
fluid-which washes the
fertilized eggs out of the
body into a cylinder
Process
individual
embryos are
located under a microscope
and put into a straw
Process
embryos
may be frozen much
the same as cattle semen
samples
first research in the U.S. was
done in central WI in 1982
Process
freezing
protocol now widely
used
most transfer work is done
non-surgically with success
rates of approximately 75%
Splitting
research
has also
successfully split embryos
resulting in as many as 5
identical calves
Slow Progress
many
characteristics are
controlled by multiple genes
instead of a single gene
Slow Progress
lack
of money for research
government regulations
environmental groups filing
lawsuits to stop research and
testing
Slow Progress
many
farmers don’t support
genetic engineering because
they feel we already have
surplus production