Download ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Learning Target: #2
Organic -comes from living matter
contains both C and H
Inorganic - comes from nonliving matter
does not contain both C and H
CARBON
Learning Target: #3
• The backbone of organic compounds
• Forms covalent bonds, and bonds with other
carbons
• Has 4 bonding sites
• Forms single, double, triple bonds
• Forms chains and rings
5 KEY TERMS: Learning Targets - #6 and #7
• FUNCTIONAL GROUPS - determine characteristics of
compounds/the part of the molecule involved in bonding
• Ex’s: -OH, hydroxyl group,
-COOH, carboxyl group,
-NH2, amino group
• Monomers - building blocks of organic compounds
• Polymers - large molecule formed from linking
monomers together
• Macromolecule - very large molecule (polymers joined)
• Isomer-molecules with same chem formula but
different structural formula
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Learning Target: #9
• The loss of water in
order to join 2
monomers, thus
forming a larger
molecule –polymer
• Also called a
condensation reaction
Hydrolysis
The addition of water to break apart
a polymer to create monomers
Organic Compounds Overview
Learning targets: #6 and #7
ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
MONOMER
POLYMER
Carbohydrates monosaccharide polysaccharide
Proteins
FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
hydroxyl
amino acids
protein
amino
carboxyl
Lipids
glycerol
fatty acids
wax
steroid
fat
hydroxyl
carboxyl
Nucleic Acids
nucleotide
DNA, RNA
hydroxyl
MONOSACCHARIDES
LearningTarget: #3, #6, #7, #8
• Monomer of carbs
• Elements- C, H, O (ratios
2:1, H:O)
• Ex’s: glucose, fructose,
galactose
• Formula- C6H12O6,
• Isomers
• Function-quick energy
• Tests-Benedicts-turns
orange, yellow, green, red
• Functional Group- -OH
(hydroxyl)
DISACCHARIDES
• 2 Sugar carbohydrate
• Formula- C12H22O11
• Functional groups-OH (hydroxyl)
• Tests-negative for both benedicts and iodine
• Ex’s-sucrose, maltose, lactose
Glycoside linkage to form disaccharides
Learning Target: #9
The two sugars are joined by condensation and
may be broken by hydrolysis
CH2OH
CH2OH
H
C
C
H
OH
H
C
C
H
OH
OH
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
O
H
H
C
O
C
C
H
OH
H
C
C
H
OH
OH
OH
H
C
OH
A disaccharide
CH2OH
CH2OH
H
C
C
H
OH
H
C
C
H
OH
OH
O
H
H
C
O
C
C
H
OH
H
C
C
H
OH
O
+ H2O
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
H
C
OH
Different monosaccharides can
be used
• sucrose = glucose + fructose
• lactose = glucose + galactose
• maltose = glucose + glucose
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
CARBOHYDRATE FUNCTIONS
Learning Target: #8
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sugars (mono and disaccharides)
Maintenance of osmotic balance (e.g. salts in blood plasma,
plant cell turgidity);
transport of energy reserves (e.g. glucose in blood or sucrose
in sap);
energy substrate (respiration and photosynthesis);
energy store (sugar cane);
flavouring (fruits); reward (nectar);
precursors (building blocks) of polysaccharides, nucleotides
and amino acids
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
POLYSACCHARIDE
•
•
•
•
•
Many sugar carbohydrate
Formula- Cy(H2O)x
Tests-positive for Iodine (turns navy blue)
Function – short term storage of energy
Ex’s - glycogen (animal starch), starch (plants),
cellulose (plant building material)
Glucose Song
• Go to youtube and type in glucose song!!