Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 9 Review Animals green plants Fungi humans bacteria In which of these organisms would you expect to find cellular respiration happening? All of them; all living things need to make ATP for energy http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif Which 2 carriers for high energy electrons are used during cellular respiration? NADH and FADH2 Name the organelle where glucose is burned and the energy is stored as ATP mitochondria O2 Which molecule acts as the last electron acceptor to make water? How many carbons are in a Pyruvic acid molecule? 3 Give the overall equation for cellular respiration 6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy Compare the equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS below with the equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY → 6 O2 + C6H12O6 6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY Cellular respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis Name the 6 carbon molecule formed in this reaction Citric acid What happens to the Coenzyme A after dropping off its 2 carbons? Recycles back and picks up 2 more carbons from pyruvic acid How many ATP’s are produced from each molecule of glucose that completes cellular respiration all the way through the Electron transport chain? 36 ATP’s are produced The Krebs cycle is also called the Citric acid _______________ cycle. Which pathway generates the most energy from glucose? FERMENTATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cellular respiration Which stage of respiration generates the most ATP? ELECTRON TRANSPORT Glycolysis = 2 ATP(net) Krebs cycle = 2 ATP Electron transport chain = 32 ATP (net) ©Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; Identify the part: E Outer membrane A = ______________ B = ______________ Intermembrane space inner membrane C = ______________ D = ________________ matrix cytoplasm E = ________________ (cristae) Give the chemical equation for Lactic acid fermentation Pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+ After glycolysis, which pathway will pyruvic acid follow if oxygen is present? It will enter the Krebs cycle Identify the 3 stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis #1 = _____________ Krebs cycle #2 = _____________ Electron transport chain #3 = _____________ ©Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall True or False Only animal cells have mitochondria False; both plants and animals have mitochondria How many carbons are in a glucose Molecule? 6; C6H12O6 Give the chemical equation for alcoholic fermentation Pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Cellular respiration begins with a glycolysis pathway called ______________ Where will the citric acid that is produced here go next? Cycle through the Krebs cycle What will happen to the C’s in citric acid that came from Acetyl-CoA? Released into atmosphere as CO2 After glycolysis, what determines which pathway pyruvic acid will follow? Presence or absence of oxygen Name the two kinds of fermentation Lactic acid and alcoholic True or False Glycolysis releases a great deal of energy. False; only a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH The 3 carbon molecule produced during glycolysis is ________________ Pyruvic acid Why can’t the energy in glucose be released in just one step? Too much at once; most of the energy would be lost as light and heat Where does glycolysis take place? In the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria How many ATP’s must be added to get glycolysis started? 2 ATP’s Why can glycolysis supply energy to cells when oxygen is not available? Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen How many ATP’s are produced during glycolysis? 4 ATP’s are produced, but it took 2 ATP’s to get started so … net of 2 ATP’s What problem does a cell have when it generates large amounts of ATP using only glycolysis? Once all the available NAD+ carriers are filled up & glycolysis will stop Which molecule is regenerated during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP using glycolysis when oxygen is low? NAD+ Name the 3 pathways that make up cellular respiration in order. Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain ©Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; Tell its location: D Where Krebs cycle happens = ___ Where is the Electron Transport Chain C found = ___ H+ ions accumulate here B during electron transport = ___ Place where glycolysis happens= ___ E Type of fermentation used to make yogurt, cheese, saurkraut, kimchi, buttermilk, etc. Lactic acid fermentation The energy produced by electrons passing down the Electron Transport chain are used to move which ion into the intermembrane space? H+ ions are pumped from the matrix and accumulate in the intermembrane space Which parts of cellular respiration require oxygen? Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain Why is the Krebs cycle also called the citric acid cycle? Citric acid is the first compound formed during the Krebs cycle Which kind of fermentation puts the air holes in bread? Alcoholic fermentation releases CO2 bubbles which pop and leave holes in the bread What is the final electron acceptor at the end of the Electron Transport Chain? oxygen If alcoholic fermentation is what makes bread rise, why don’t we get intoxicated from eating the bread? Alcohol evaporates during cooking During short term exercise cells are using which pathway to provide energy? Lactic acid fermentation cellular respiration lactic acid fermentation What happens to the CO2 produced when pyruvic acid is broken down? It is released into the atmosphere What is the energy tally from 1 molecule of pyruvic acid during the Krebs cycle? 4 NADH, 1FADH2 , and 1 ATP Where is the intermembrane space in this diagram?A Which ion is moving across the H+ membrane at the purple arrows? Where will the NADH produced in this reaction go next if oxygen is present? To electron transport chain Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is present? Into mitochondria and Krebs cycle Only about 38% of the energy in glucose is recovered during cellular respiration, what happens to the rest? released as heat; (doesn’t sound that good, but that’s more efficient than the typical car engine is at burning gasoline) The movement of which ion across the inner mitochondrial membrane causes ATP synthase to spin and make ATP? H+ Where does the CO2 produced here go next? released to the atmosphere Reactions that happen without oxygen are called _____________________ anerobic 1 Calorie = ________ 1000 calories Storage form of glucose used by animal cells that supplies long term energy needs glycogen Which molecule do cells burn for energy once glucose and glycogen are used up? fat Where does the Krebs cycle take place? Mitochondrial Matrix Where is the Electron Transport Chain located? Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae) Name the 4 products of the Krebs cycle CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP Which enzyme helper molecule reacts with pyruvic acid to for Acetyl-CoA? Coenzyme A OR CoA On which side of the membrane is ATP produced during the Electron Transport Chain reactions? Mitochondrial matrix What happens to pyruvic acid during the Krebs cycle? It is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of steps Because fermentation does NOT require oxygen it is said to be __________________ anaerobic A marathon runner needing energy for an EXTENDED PERIOD of time is getting his/her ATP from ___________________ A. photosynthesis B. lactic acid fermentation C. alcoholic fermentation D. cellular respiration D- cellular respiration An athlete needing a QUICK BURST of energy for a 50 yard dash is getting his/her ATP from A. cellular respiration B. alcoholic fermentation C. lactic acid fermentation D. electron transport C- lactic acid fermentation Where does the FADH2 produced here go next? to the Electron transport chain Where does the ATP produced here go? Used by cell for cellular activities How many carbons are in a molecule of citric acid? 6 During long term exercise, like a marathon race or a soccer game, which pathway is used by your muscles to make ATP? Cellular respiration Because the Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain REQUIRE oxygen, they are said to be aerobic _____________________ What happens to the NADH and FADH2 produced during cellular respiration? Their electrons enter the Electron Transport Chain H+ H+ H+ H+ Which ion is being pumped across the membrane at the purple arrows during electron transport ? 3 ATP 1 NADH carrier produces ___ from electron transport Why does 1 molecule of FADH2 produce only 2 ATP during electron transport? It comes in farther down the electron transport chain than NADH Where does the Electron Transport Chain get the high energy electrons that are passed down the chain? From NADH and FADH2 How does the location of the Electron Transport Chain differ in eukaryotes and prokaryotes? In eukaryotes it is in the inner mitochondrial membrane; in bacteria the chain is in the cell membrane remember. . .no membrane bound organelles in bacteria! What happens to the lactic acid produced during intense exercise? it is broken down later when oxygen is available After glucose & glycogen stores are FAT used up, cells start to burn ________ for energy. Name the reactants of cellular respiration O2 and glucose (C6H12O6) Name the products formed during cellular respiration H20, carbon dioxide, energy (ATP) Name the 4 products released during the Krebs cycle CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP Name this reaction glycolysis How many carbon atoms are in a molecule of glucose? 6 Name the stage of cellular respiration that follows glycolysis Krebs cycle Where does this Reaction happen? In the cytoplasm Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is NOT present? Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation Where is the matrix in this diagram? B The red molecule is the diagram is ATP synthase __________________ Another name for the inner membrane in a mitochondrion is the ________. cristae What happens to the CO2 produced in this reaction? Released into atmosphere when we exhale DIAGRAM BY RIEDELL Name the pathway Electron transport H+ ions and oxygen form water ________________ Lactic acid fermentation Lactic acid is formed in muscles ______________________ A glucose molecule is broken down glycolysis into 2 pyruvic acid molecules _______________________ H+ ions build up in the Electron transport intermembrane space _________________________ Citric acid is broken down Krebs cycle in a series of steps into CO2 _____________________ Name the pathway Alcohol and CO2 are produced from pyruvic acid ______ ________________ Alcoholic fermentation Acetyl Co-A joins a 4 carbon Krebs cycle molecule to make citric acid ______________________ H+ ions pass from the intermembrane Electron transport space into the matrix to make ATP___________________ Oxygen acts as the last Electron transport electron acceptor and makes water____________________ Where will the NADH produced in this reaction go next if oxygen is present? To electron transport chain Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is present? Into mitochondria and Krebs cycle Where does this reaction happen? In the cytoplasm Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is NOT present? Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation Where does this Reaction happen? In the cytoplasm Where will the pyruvic acid go next if oxygen is NOT present? Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation What happens to the CO2 produced in this reaction? Released into atmosphere when we exhale Acetyl-CoA will join next with a 4 carbon molecule to make __________ Citric acid What reaction happens on the matrix side of the membrane when ATP synthase spins? A phosphate is added to ADP to make ATP