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Feed Nutrients Special Feeds Colostrum • First milk given by mammals after birth • Contains antibodies Milk Replacers • Can’t replace colostrum • Higher fat reduces diarrhea Fats and Oils • Fat – – – – – increases calories of ration 2.25 times the NRG of carbs Easily digested by animals controls dust lessons wear on mixing equip • Molasses – – – – by-product from sugar appetizer ¾ NRG of corn stimulates rumen activity Proteins • Proteins are organic compounds made up of amino acids – Amino acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen • Ruminants can synthesize amino acids, but non-ruminants must have these added in the ration Proteins - Sources • Must contain a good balance of amino acids • Urea – synthetic nitrogen source – Nitrogen acts in the ruminant to make amino acids • Crude Protein – Total Usable Protein – Cereal grains mixed in the proper proportions – Soybean oil meal Vitamins • Trace organic compounds – needed in small amounts • Fat-soluble – A, D, E, and K – Healthy eyes, good conception rate, disease resistance – Green leafy hay, yellow corn, fish oils, direct sunlight • Water-soluble – C and B-complex – Teeth and bone formation, prevention of infections Minerals • Inorganic materials containing no carbon • Provide for growth of bones, teeth, and tissue • Major minerals – Often lacking in rations • Trace Minerals – Often found in feeds – Excess quantities of some can be toxic Additives, Implants, & Injections • 80% of animals get some drug during lifetime • Regulate growth, modify rumen activity, improve feed efficiency • Lower production costs • Feed Additives – Antibiotics • Produced by living organism – Antioxidants • Prevent oxidation Feed Additives (cont’) • Bloat Control Products – Inhibit gas formation and methane prod. in rumen • Electrolytes – Salts – Replenish Fluids • Flavoring Agent – Increases palatability => Increased feed intake • Hormones – Increases growth, milk prod. And meat prod. Implants • Small pellet deposited under skin • Promote growth • Steroids – Increase muscle mass – Eliminate pain • Tranquilizers Assignment • Complete the eleven Unit 7 Review Questions listed below. • 1, 2, 6, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 26, 28 • USE COMPLETE SENTENCES • E-mail your answers to me by the beginning of class tomorrow.