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DNA AND RNA ARE
MADE UP OF
SMALLER MONOMERS
CALLED:
Nucleotides
THE PRIMARY
FUNCTION OF DNA IS
TO:
Store & Transmit Genetic Info
A NUCLEOTIDE IS
MADE UP OF:
Sugar, Phosphate, Base
FOLLOWING THE
RULES OF BASEPAIRING, WHICH
BASES MUST MATCH
UP IN DNA?
A & T, C & G
THE BACKBONE OF
DNA IS MADE OF
WHICH 2 SPECIFIC
COMPONENTS?
Deoxyribose Sugars, Phosphate
THE TWO SCIENTISTS
THAT WERE
CREDITED WITH
ESTABLISHING THE
STRUCTURE OF DNA
ARE:
Watson & Crick
WHO WAS THE
SCIENTIST THAT
DISCOVERED THE
AMOUNT OF A=T AND
THE AMOUNT OF
C=G?
Chargaff
WHAT ARE THE TYPES
OF RNA?
(YOU HAVE TO BE
SPECIFIC)
Messenger, Transfer, Ribosomal
WHERE IS DNA
FOUND?
Nucleus
THE TYPES OF BONDS
FOUND BETWEEN THE
BASES IN DNA ARE:
Hydrogen Bonds
GENES CONTAIN
INSTRUCTIONS FOR
ASSEMBLING WHAT?
Proteins!!!
WHAT IS THE TERM
USED WHEN NEW DNA
IS MADE?
Replication
WHAT ARE THE STEPS
IN REPLICATION?
SEE NEXT SLIDE…
1. Unwind
2. Unzip- (by breaking
hydrogen bonds b/t bases)
3. Add complementary
nucleotides to each side
4. Two new identical strands
of DNA
STEPS IN REPLICATION
AT THE END OF
REPLICATION, THERE
ARE 2 IDENTICAL
STRANDS OF DNA-EACH
WITH ONE OLD STRAND
AND ONE NEW…WHAT IS
THIS CALLED?
Semi-Conservative
DURING DNA
REPLICATION, THE
STRAND: GATCCG
WITH PRODUCE A
STRAND WITH WHAT
BASES?
CTAGGC
WHAT IS THE SERIES
OF THREE LETTERS
ON DNA CALLED?
Triplet
WHAT IS THE
“TRIPLET” ON mRNA
CALLED?
Codon
WHAT ARE THE TWO
STEPS IN PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS?
Transcription & Translation
PROTEINS ARE MADE
UP OF:
Amino Acids
THE PROCESS BY
WHICH mRNA IS MADE
IS CALLED:
Transcription
WHERE DOES
TRANSCRIPTION TAKE
PLACE?
Nucleus
COMPLETE
TRANSCRIPTION:
ACT AGG TAC
UGA UCC AUG
IN RNA, ADENINE (A)
IS COMPLEMENTARY
TO WHICH BASE?
Uracil, U
WHERE ARE
PROTEINS MADE?
Ribosome
TRANSFER RNA IS
LIKE AN
“INTERPRETER”
BECAUSE IT CARRIES
WHAT TO THE
RIBOSOME?
Amino Acids
THE tRNA KNOW
WHICH AMINO ACID
TO CARRY BECAUSE
IT READS WHAT?
mRNA codon
WHICH TYPE OF RNA
CARRIES THE
INSTRUCTIONS FOR
MAKING PROTEINS?
mRNA
WHAT IS A RIBOSOME
MADE UP OF?
rRNA & protein
AMINO ACIDS ARE
BONDED TOGETHER
WITH WHICH TYPE OF
BOND?
Peptide
THIS IS A PICTURE OF:
Messenger RNA
WHAT ARE THESE
PICTURES?
rRNA (and ribosome), tRNA
ALL
CODONS
FOR
LYSINE:
AAA, AAG
HOW DO YOU KNOW
WHERE TO BEGIN
MAKING A PROTEIN?
Start codon—AUG
AMINO
ACIDS
FOR:
AUG
CCC
AAA
GUA
UAG
Start-Proline-Lysine-Valine-Stop
ALL
CODONS
FOR
SERINE:
AGC, AGU, UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG
AMINO
ACIDS
FOR:
AUG
CCC
GUA
UAG
Start-Proline-Valine-Stop
Transcription
Start codon
Amino Acid
Nucleus
mRNA
tRNA
anticodon
WHAT IS THIS
PROCESS CALLED?
translation