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prepared by Mark Hollier,
Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus
CHAPTER
2
Chemistry
Comes
Alive
© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not an example of
matter?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Blood plasma
Air we breathe
A hand bone
Energy
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not an example of
matter?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Blood plasma
Air we breathe
A hand bone
Energy
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chemical energy is __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a form of kinetic energy
energy stored in bonds between atoms
a form of potential energy
both b and c
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chemical energy is __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
a form of kinetic energy
energy stored in bonds between atoms
a form of potential energy
both b and c
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is an example of the
conversion of potential energy into kinetic
energy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Synthesis of ATP from glucose
ATP hydrolysis to drive muscle contraction
Digestion of protein in the stomach
Pumping ions across a cell membrane
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is an example of the
conversion of potential energy into kinetic
energy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Synthesis of ATP from glucose
ATP hydrolysis to drive muscle contraction
Digestion of protein in the stomach
Pumping ions across a cell membrane
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The four elements that comprise 96% of
living matter are __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
carbon, sodium, nitrogen, oxygen
carbon, hydrogen, sodium, oxygen
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The four elements that comprise 96% of
living matter are __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
carbon, sodium, nitrogen, oxygen
carbon, hydrogen, sodium, oxygen
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
An atom's nucleus contains __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
protons
neutrons
electrons
protons and neutrons
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
An atom's nucleus contains __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
protons
neutrons
electrons
protons and neutrons
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The element lithium has 3 protons and 4
neutrons in its nucleus. Its mass number is
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
3
4
7
12
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The element lithium has 3 protons and 4
neutrons in its nucleus. Its mass number is
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
3
4
7
12
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When atoms of two different elements bind
together, they form a(n) __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
compound
mixture
element
solution
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When atoms of two different elements bind
together, they form a(n) __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
compound
mixture
element
solution
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following mixture(s) are
homogeneous?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Colloids
Solutions
Suspensions
Both colloids and suspensions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following mixture(s) are
homogeneous?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Colloids
Solutions
Suspensions
Both colloids and suspensions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The most important determinant of an
atom's bonding behavior is __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the number of protons in the nucleus
the total number of electrons
the number of valence shell electrons
the number of neutrons in the nucleus
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The most important determinant of an
atom's bonding behavior is __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the number of protons in the nucleus
the total number of electrons
the number of valence shell electrons
the number of neutrons in the nucleus
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When atoms gain electrons, __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the atoms become electrically neutral
the atoms become positively charged
their atomic mass significantly increases
the atoms become negatively charged
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When atoms gain electrons, __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the atoms become electrically neutral
the atoms become positively charged
their atomic mass significantly increases
the atoms become negatively charged
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ionic bonds connect atoms together by
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
overlap of valence shells
charge attractions
overlap of the nucleus
attractions between dipoles
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Ionic bonds connect atoms together by
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
overlap of valence shells
charge attractions
overlap of the nucleus
attractions between dipoles
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Covalent bonds occur when __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
electrons are shared between atoms
electrons are transferred between atoms
electrons are lost
opposite charges attract atoms together
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Covalent bonds occur when __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
electrons are shared between atoms
electrons are transferred between atoms
electrons are lost
opposite charges attract atoms together
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
An atom will tend to be electronegative if
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
it lacks only 1–2 electrons in the valence shell
it easily donates electrons
it only has 1–2 electrons in the valence shell
it is negatively charged
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
An atom will tend to be electronegative if
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
it lacks only 1–2 electrons in the valence shell
it easily donates electrons
it only has 1–2 electrons in the valence shell
it is negatively charged
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Water, H2O, is a polar molecule. Oxygen is
electronegative and hydrogen is
electropositive. This means that
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
each hydrogen pulls electrons away from oxygen
and becomes more negative
the electrons are shared equally
the oxygen pulls electrons away from hydrogen and
becomes more negative
the oxygen pulls electrons away from hydrogen and
becomes more positive
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Water, H2O, is a polar molecule. Oxygen is
electronegative and hydrogen is
electropositive. This means that
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
each hydrogen pulls electrons away from oxygen
and becomes more negative
the electrons are shared equally
the oxygen pulls electrons away from hydrogen
and becomes more negative
the oxygen pulls electrons away from hydrogen and
becomes more positive
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hydrogen bonds are similar to ionic bonds
because __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
they both are due to opposite charge attractions
they both occur between like charged atoms
they both form molecules
they are both very strong bonds
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hydrogen bonds are similar to ionic bonds
because __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
they both are due to opposite charge
attractions
they both occur between like charged atoms
they both form molecules
they are both very strong bonds
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a chemical reaction, ___________ join to
form __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
products; reactants
molecules; atoms
formulas; products
reactants; products
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a chemical reaction, ___________ join to
form __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
products; reactants
molecules; atoms
formulas; products
reactants; products
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Water's unique properties like high heat
capacity, high heat of vaporization, and
universal solvent can be attributed to its
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
oxygen atom
ability to form hydrogen bonds
hydrogen atoms
small size
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Water's unique properties like high heat
capacity, high heat of vaporization, and
universal solvent can be attributed to its
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
oxygen atom
ability to form hydrogen bonds
hydrogen atoms
small size
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When chemical equilibrium is reached,
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
no further net change in the amounts of reactants
and products occurs
more reactants are converted to products in the
forward direction
the chemical reaction no longer occurs
more products are converted to reactants in the
reverse direction
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When chemical equilibrium is reached,
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
no further net change in the amounts of
reactants and products occurs
more reactants are converted to products in the
forward direction
the chemical reaction no longer occurs
more products are converted to reactants in the
reverse direction
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What will be the effect on a chemical
reaction if the concentration of reactants is
increased?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The speed of the reaction will slow.
The speed of the reaction will increase.
The speed of the reaction will remain unchanged.
The reaction will now require a catalyst.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What will be the effect on a chemical
reaction if the concentration of reactants is
increased?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The speed of the reaction will slow.
The speed of the reaction will increase.
The speed of the reaction will remain unchanged.
The reaction will now require a catalyst.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A substance that is very acidic may have a
pH of 1 or 2. This means that the acidic
substance __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
has a high concentration of OH– ions
has an equal concentration of OH– and H+ ions
has a low concentration of H+ ions
has a high concentration of H+ ions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A substance that is very acidic may have a
pH of 1 or 2. This means that the acidic
substance __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
has a high concentration of OH– ions
has an equal concentration of OH– and H+ ions
has a low concentration of H+ ions
has a high concentration of H+ ions
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A buffer will release H+ ions if the blood pH
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
rises (becomes more basic)
falls (becomes more acidic)
stays the same
becomes neutral
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A buffer will release H+ ions if the blood pH
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
rises (becomes more basic)
falls (becomes more acidic)
stays the same
becomes neutral
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The four major organic compounds that
comprise our bodies are __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
water, salt, carbon, oxygen
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
amino acids, fats, sugars, DNA
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The four major organic compounds that
comprise our bodies are __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
water, salt, carbon, oxygen
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
amino acids, fats, sugars, DNA
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The major function of carbohydrates in the
body is __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
protein synthesis
as cellular fuel
being a genetic blueprint
forming the basis of the cell membrane bilayer
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The major function of carbohydrates in the
body is __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
protein synthesis
as cellular fuel
being a genetic blueprint
forming the basis of the cell membrane bilayer
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of reaction occurs when
biological molecules are broken down?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hydrolysis
Anabolic
Dehydration synthesis
Endergonic
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of reaction occurs when
biological molecules are broken down?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hydrolysis
Anabolic
Dehydration synthesis
Endergonic
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The three major subclasses of lipids include
phospholipids, steroids, and __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
fatty acids
glycerols
triglycerides
oils
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The three major subclasses of lipids include
phospholipids, steroids, and __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
fatty acids
glycerols
triglycerides
oils
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The major building blocks for proteins are
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
amino acids
monosaccharides
triglycerides
nucleotides
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The major building blocks for proteins are
__________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
amino acids
monosaccharides
triglycerides
nucleotides
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Functions of proteins do not include acting
as __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
membrane receptors
genes
enzymes
muscle cell components
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Functions of proteins do not include acting
as __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
membrane receptors
genes
enzymes
muscle cell components
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The quaternary level of protein structure
involves __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
individual amino acids
aggregations of polypeptides forming a complex
protein
alpha-helices
hydrogen bonds between adjacent amino acids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The quaternary level of protein structure
involves __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
individual amino acids
aggregations of polypeptides forming a
complex protein
alpha-helices
hydrogen bonds between adjacent amino acids
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
An enzyme's ____________ is the molecule
upon which an enzyme acts.
a)
b)
c)
d)
active site
substrate
inhibitor
catalyst
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
An enzyme's ____________ is the molecule
upon which an enzyme acts.
a)
b)
c)
d)
active site
substrate
inhibitor
catalyst
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Increasing the concentration of an enzyme's
substrate (up to a point) would ___________
the reaction.
a)
b)
c)
d)
slow down
speed up
inhibit
destroy
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Increasing the concentration of an enzyme's
substrate (up to a point) would ___________
the reaction.
a)
b)
c)
d)
slow down
speed up
inhibit
destroy
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The major building blocks of nucleic acids
are __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
amino acids
DNA and RNA
nucleotides
sugars
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The major building blocks of nucleic acids
are __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
amino acids
DNA and RNA
nucleotides
sugars
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The four DNA nucleotides are __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
protein, lipid, nucleic acid, carbohydrate
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The four DNA nucleotides are __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
protein, lipid, nucleic acid, carbohydrate
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a metabolic
function of ATP?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Providing energy for anabolic reactions
Providing energy to transport substances across
membranes
Providing energy for diffusion
Providing energy for muscles to shorten
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a metabolic
function of ATP?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Providing energy for anabolic reactions
Providing energy to transport substances across
membranes
Providing energy for diffusion
Providing energy for muscles to shorten
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.