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Spinal Anatomy
1. greater wing of sphenoid bone and the petrous portion of the temporal bone make
up the middle cranial fossa
2. sd
3. paresthesias and pain over the 1st, 2nd, and ½ of the 3rd fingers could be from
muscle spasm of the pronator muscle
4. if a cervical rib is noted on x-ray, which nerve root levels could be affected: C8,
T1
5. sd
6. largest portion of cord is located at the C5-C6 level
7. an obstruction of the interventricular foramen would produce its greatest build up
of pressure in the lateral ventricle
8. cutaneous sensation over the dorsal aspect of foot of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals is
from superficial fibular nerve
9. cranial nerve that originates from the posterior aspect of the brain stem: CN4
10. orientation of the inferior articular facets in the lumbar spine: anterior and lateral
(AIL/AIM/AIL)
11. termination of the spinal cord and emergence of the filum terminale occurs at L2
12. ligament that separates the greater and lesser sciatic foramens: sacrospinous
sacrotuberous ligament creates the lesser sciatic foramen
13. ligament that attaches to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum and the
anterior aspect of C1: anterior atlantoccipital membrane
14. ligament that prevents hyperextension of lumbar spine: anterior longitudinal
15. ligament that connects the apex of one spinous to the apex of another:
supraspinous
16. ligament that connects lamina to lamina: ligamentum flavum
17. protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord: spina bifida meningomyelocele
18. transverse sinus is contained in: tentorium cerebelli
19. confluence of sinuses is found on occipital bone
20. arachnoid villi is located in superior sagittal sinus
21. paresthesia in the mandibular region could be caused by a lesion of a nerve that
goes through which foramen: foramen ovale (rotate the max, spin the middle,
oval man)
22. superior articulating factes in the lumbar spine are orientated posterior and medial
23. lesion of the ciliary ganglion can result in ptosis, dilation of pupil, loss of sweat to
face
24. orientation of the cervical transverse processes: 30-40 degrees anterior and lateral
25. to prevent neural tube defects in pregnant female, folic acid is recommended
26. in the thoracic spine, what helps form the anterior border of the intervertebral
foramen: rib heads
27. formed from intramembranous ossification: frontal bone
28. olfactory nerve goes through cribriform plate
29. axons of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei end in the posterior pituitary
30. involved in smell: amygdaloid body
31. lesion in Brocas area 17 may involve this artery: middle cerebral artery
32. blood supply to the pituitary gland is by way of: internal carotid
33. weakest fibers located b/w L5 and S1: posterolateral
34. globus pallidus and putamen will send fibers to thalamus
35. nerve that innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle: oculomotor nerve
36. CN6 innervates the lateral rectus
37. most superior nerve that can be affected in a disc herniation is C3 (no discs
above)
38. lateral sacral crest is derived from transverse processes
39. fracture of odontoid and avulsion of the cord above C3 would cause death w/i
minutes
40. recurrent meningeal nerve innervates all except
a. ALL
b. Meninges
c. PLL
d. Posterior aspect of disc
41. make up the choroid plexus: ependymal cells
42. responsible for myelination in CNS: oligodendrocytes
43. responsible for myelination in PNS: Schwann cells
44. gap b/w 2 schwann cells: node of ranvier
45. process on the posterior aspect of the transverse process in the lumbar spine:
accessory process (mammilary process is off of superior facet)
46. type of joint b/w the anterior arch of atlas and dens: pivot
47. not part of erector spinae muscle group
a. semispinalis
b. spinalis
c. iliocostalis
d. longissimus
48. connects amygdaloid to hypothalamus: stria terminalis
49. radial nerve comes off of posterior cord of brachial plexus
50. floculonodular lobe of the cerebellum is from archicerebellum
51. involves both the visual and auditory tracts: tectospinal pathway
52. cranial nerve that does not contain parasympathetic fibers: hypoglossal (III, VII,
IX, X have parasympathetic)
53. supplies the gracillus muscle: obturator
54. supplied by the deef fibular nerve
a. extensor hallicus longus
b. peroneus longus
c. peroneus brevis
d. soleus
55. lamina that surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord: 10
56. what lamina is substantia gelatinosa: 2 (pain)
57. part of visual pathway: lateral geniculate body
58. largest taste bud: vallate
59. dorsal root ganglion is derived from: neural crest cells (neural tissue outside of
spinal cord; spinal cord proper is neuroectoderm)
60. cornea of eye is an extension of surface ectoderm
61. posterior disc protrusion into the intervertebral foramen b/w the C7 and T1
vertebrae will affect which nerve level: C8
62. neural tube becomes the
a. spinous process
b. spinal cord
c. lamina
d. transverse process
nucleus pulposus – notochord
63. drains into the inferior nasal meatus: nasolacrimal duct (maxillary sinus goes into
medial nasal meatus)
64. m/c clinical manifestation of a congenital hemivertebrae in the thoraco-lumbar
junction is scoliosis
65. forms the floor of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle: head of caudate
nucleus
66. preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise from interomediolateral cell column
67. if articulation b/w L5-S1 is altered so that the right joint can be visualized, but the
left one cannot be seen, it indicates: facet tropism
68. ligament that forms part of the neural canal: posterior longitudinal ligament
69. cranial nerve supplies taste to the anterior 2/3 of tongue: CN7
70. nerve that contains taste fibers
a. chorda tympani
b. inferior olivary
c. nasopalatine
d. greater petrosol
71. lateral lemniscus, part of the hearing pathway, and the hair cells is where the
lateral lemniscus originates; which is in b/w: cochlear nerve
72. most medial of the erector spinae muscles
a. iliocostalis
b. longissimus
c. semispinalis
d. spinalis
73. CN that innervates the superior oblique muscle of eye: trochlear
74. segmental level that comprises the phrenic nerve: C3, C4, C5
75. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the occulomotor nerve synapse at the
ciliary ganglion
76. dorsal spinocerebellar tract has its origin in the dorsal column of Clark
77. all are supplied by the inferior laryngeal nerve EXCEPT
a. cricothyroid
b. posterior cricoarytenoid
c. lateral cricoarytenoid
d. transverse arytenoids
78. originates from the C2 dorsal primary rami: greater occipital nerve
79. avulsion of the posterior cerebral artery in the Circle of Willis will drain into the
interpeduncular cistern
80. lesion of L5 prevents big toe from extending
81. foramen next to the internal auditory meatus: jugular foramen
82. most numerous in the CNS
a. neuron
b. astrocytes
c. ependymal cells
d. oligodendrocytes
cerebellum – 10% of brain mass, 50% of neurons
83. innervates skin over the popliteal fossa: posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
84. cranial nerve that innervates the carotid sinus: IX
85. cremaster muscle is derived from internal oblique muscle
86. inguinal ligament is derived from external oblique muscle
87. m/c cervical vertebrae injured in a whiplash type injury: C5-C6
88. attaches to the anterior aspect of sacrum: piriformis
89. dorsal scapular nerve does not innervate
a. levator scapulae
b. rhomboid major
c. rhomboid minor
d. serratus posterior superior
90. sd