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Chapter 9 Alcohol and Other Drugs Drug • Drug – any chemical substance that affects the mind or body • Drugs and Culture – Perception of drugs vary from society to society – Definition of drugs change over time Drug Use • Use of selected drugs in the past 30 days by those 12 years and older (1980-2005) – – – – – Alcohol – 50-60% Cigarettes – 30-40% Marijuana – 5-15% Cocaine – Less than 5% Hallucinogens – Less than 5% (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006) Reasons for Drug Use 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Therapeutic uses. Recreational uses. Spiritual or psychological use. Escape Social conformity Drug Abuse • Drug abuse – use of any illegal substance or the use of a legal substance in a way that violates accepted medical practice • Addiction – physical or psychological craving for a drug • Dependency – state in which a person’s body has adjusted to regular use of a drug Types of Drugs • Stimulants – drugs that increase alertness, changing a person’s mood by increasing energy – – – – – Caffeine Nicotine Ritalin Cocaine and Crack Amphetamines • Depressants – drugs that slow the operation of the central nervous system – Analgesics – Sedatives and Alcohol – Antipsychotics Types of Drugs • Hallucinogens – distort sensory perceptions (LSD, “ecstasy”, etc) • Cannabis – sense of euphoria and relaxation (marijuana, hashish) • Steroids – build muscle and strength • Prescription Drugs Drugs and Other Social Problems • Family Life – codependency, parental addiction, child neglect, family violence • Health Problems - damage organs and influence malnutrition • Homelessness – drug and alcohol use common • Crime – violent offenders under the influence • Global Poverty – illegal drugs as a source of needed income Response to the Drug Problem • Strategies – Interdiction – stopping the movement of drugs across the country’s borders – Prosecution – Education – Treatment • War on Drugs • Decriminalization – removing current criminal penalties that punish the manufacturing, sale, and personal use of drugs Theoretical Analysis • Structural-Functional – Drugs help and harm order of society • Social-Conflict – Drug problems are linked to social inequality • Symbolic-Interaction – Variable meanings attached to drug use
