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Bureaucracy Chapter 15 What is it? Bureaucracy: Appointed officials who help congress and the president enforce laws they pass. Executive Orders and Laws Elected vs. Appointed How does this affect they way they act? What is better? United States Bureaucracy Congress Shares Control President Shares Control Bureaucracy All of the following make up the Bureaucracy Cabinet Agencies Executive Office Independent Agencies Independent Regulatory Agencies Job Requirements: Agency head is appointed by the president confirmed by the senate, but serves a fixed term. Called Independent or Quasi-Independent because the president has limited rights to their removal. Function: Most of these agencies are responsible for some sector of the economy. Why does it make sense these jobs would be for a fixed term w/out threat of presidential removal? They make and enforce rules designed to protect the public’s interest. Independent Agencies Federal Communication Commission Federal Reserve Board The Post Office Environmental Protection Agency Federal Election Commission Consumer Safety Agency Federal Trade Commission CIA Executive Office Job Requirements: Agency head is chosen by the president confirmed by the senate. Are called Executive Agencies because the president has unlimited rights to their removal. Function: Serve the interests of the president. Executive Office Presidents Office: Chief of Staff Office of Management and Budget Council of Economic Advisers Office of National AIDS Policy Council on Environmental Quality Office of the First Lady Cabinet Agencies Employment: Secretary (agency head) chosen by the president confirmed by the senate. The Cabinet Secretaries can be hired and fired at will by the president. All other employees in the agency are permanent. Function: Serve as the liaison between the agency and the president. Each have a special mission/responsibility. Secretaries are not always of the same political parties as the President. Department of State Secretary of State: John Kerry Advises the President about foreign policy. Meets with foreign ambassadors and leaders and makes negotiations. Agencies: Foreign Service, Regional Bureaus, & International Organization Affairs. Department of the Treasury Secretary of Treasury: Jack Lew Enforces alcohol, tobacco, and firearms laws. Mints coins and bills. Enforces tax laws. Freezes funds of terrorists. Agencies: IRS, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, & Bureau of the Public Debt. Department of Defense Secretary of Defense: Chuck Hagel Must be a civilian (7). With the president can launch strategic nuclear weapons. Provides military forces to deter war and protect the country. Agencies: Joint Chiefs of Staff , Navy, Army, & A.F. Department of Justice Attorney General: Eric Holder Chief law enforcement officer and chief lawyer. Provides legal advice to the president and executive departments. Operates federal prisons. Agencies: FBI, Drug Enforcement, & Civil Rights Division. Department of the Interior Secretary of the Interior: Ken Salazar Manages public lands, refuges, and national parks. Operates hydroelectric power plants. Helps Native Americans manage their affairs. Agencies: Fish and Wildlife, Land Management, & Reclamation. Department of Agriculture Secretary of Agriculture: Tom Vilsack Manages national forests. Inspects food. Assists farmers and ranchers. Food stamps and lunch programs. Agencies: Food Safety and Inspection & Ag Research. Department of Commerce Secretary of Commerce: Rebecca Blank Conducts the census. Grants patents and trademarks. Promotes trade, economic and technological development. Agencies: Census & National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Department of Labor Secretary of Labor: Seth Harris Enforces minimum wages, hours, and safe conditions. Job Training Programs Administers unemployment and workers compensation. Agencies: Labor Statistics, Women’s Bureau, & Standards Administration. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary of HH: Kathleen Sebelius Funds health care research. Conducts programs to prevent and control disease. Enforces pure food and drug laws. Medicaid and Medicare Agencies: Food and Drug Department of Housing and Urban Secretary of H and U.D: Shaun Donovan Operates home-financing and public housing programs. Enforces fair housing laws. Agencies: Office of Housing, Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity, & Government of national Mortgage Association. Department of Transportation Secretary of Transportation: Ray LaHood Administers programs to promote and regulate highways, mass transit, railroads, waterways, air travel, and oil and gas pipelines. Agencies: Highway, Aviation, Maritime, & Railroad Administration. Department of Energy Secretary of Energy: Steven Chu Promotes production of renewable energy, fossil fuels, and nuclear energy. Transmits and sells power. Nuclear Weapons Agencies: Power & Radioactive Waste Management Department of Education Secretary of Education: Arne Duncan Administers federal aid to schools. Conducts educational research. Agencies: Elementary, Secondary, and Postsecondary Ed. Department of Veterans Affairs Secretary of V.A: Eric Shinseki Administers benefits, pensions, and medical programs for veterans. Oversees military cemeteries. Agencies: Benefits, Health, and Cemetery Department of Homeland Security Secretary of Homeland: Janet Napolitano Border and transportation security. Emergency preparedness and response. Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defense. Agencies: Coast Guard, Secret Service, ICE, & TSA