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Bureaucracy
Chapter 15
What is it?

Bureaucracy:

Appointed officials who help congress and the
president enforce laws they pass.


Executive Orders and Laws
Elected vs. Appointed


How does this affect they way they act?
What is better?
United States Bureaucracy
Congress Shares
Control
President Shares
Control
Bureaucracy
All of the following make up the Bureaucracy
Cabinet
Agencies
Executive
Office
Independent
Agencies
Independent Regulatory Agencies

Job Requirements:



Agency head is appointed by the president confirmed by the senate,
but serves a fixed term.
Called Independent or Quasi-Independent because the president has
limited rights to their removal.
Function:


Most of these agencies are responsible for some sector of the
economy.

Why does it make sense these jobs would be for a fixed term
w/out threat of presidential removal?
They make and enforce rules designed to protect the public’s interest.
Independent Agencies




Federal
Communication
Commission

Federal Reserve Board

The Post Office
Environmental
Protection Agency

Federal Election
Commission
Consumer Safety
Agency

Federal Trade
Commission
CIA
Executive Office

Job Requirements:



Agency head is chosen by the president confirmed by the
senate.
Are called Executive Agencies because the president has
unlimited rights to their removal.
Function:

Serve the interests of the president.
Executive Office

Presidents Office:
Chief of Staff

Office of Management
and Budget

Council of Economic
Advisers

Office of National
AIDS Policy

Council on
Environmental Quality

Office of the First Lady
Cabinet Agencies

Employment:


Secretary (agency head) chosen by the president confirmed by
the senate.
The Cabinet Secretaries can be hired and fired at will by the
president.


All other employees in the agency are permanent.
Function:



Serve as the liaison between the agency and the president.
Each have a special mission/responsibility.
Secretaries are not always of the same political parties as the
President.
Department of State
Secretary of State: John Kerry

Advises the President
about foreign policy.

Meets with foreign
ambassadors and leaders
and makes negotiations.

Agencies: Foreign Service,
Regional Bureaus, &
International Organization
Affairs.
Department of the Treasury
Secretary of Treasury: Jack Lew

Enforces alcohol, tobacco,
and firearms laws.

Mints coins and bills.

Enforces tax laws.

Freezes funds of terrorists.

Agencies: IRS, Bureau of
Engraving and Printing, &
Bureau of the Public Debt.
Department of Defense
Secretary of Defense: Chuck Hagel

Must be a civilian (7).

With the president can
launch strategic nuclear
weapons.

Provides military forces to
deter war and protect the
country.

Agencies: Joint Chiefs of
Staff , Navy, Army, & A.F.
Department of Justice
Attorney General: Eric Holder

Chief law enforcement
officer and chief lawyer.

Provides legal advice to the
president and executive
departments.

Operates federal prisons.

Agencies: FBI, Drug
Enforcement, & Civil
Rights Division.
Department of the Interior
Secretary of the Interior: Ken Salazar

Manages public lands,
refuges, and national parks.

Operates hydroelectric
power plants.

Helps Native Americans
manage their affairs.

Agencies: Fish and
Wildlife, Land
Management, &
Reclamation.
Department of Agriculture
Secretary of Agriculture: Tom Vilsack

Manages national forests.

Inspects food.

Assists farmers and
ranchers.

Food stamps and lunch
programs.

Agencies: Food Safety and
Inspection & Ag Research.
Department of Commerce
Secretary of Commerce: Rebecca Blank

Conducts the census.

Grants patents and
trademarks.

Promotes trade, economic
and technological
development.

Agencies: Census &
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric
Administration
Department of Labor
Secretary of Labor: Seth Harris

Enforces minimum wages,
hours, and safe conditions.

Job Training Programs

Administers
unemployment and
workers compensation.

Agencies: Labor Statistics,
Women’s Bureau, &
Standards Administration.
Department of Health and Human Services
Secretary of HH: Kathleen Sebelius

Funds health care research.

Conducts programs to
prevent and control
disease.
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Enforces pure food and
drug laws.

Medicaid and Medicare

Agencies: Food and Drug
Department of Housing and Urban
Secretary of H and U.D: Shaun Donovan

Operates home-financing
and public housing
programs.

Enforces fair housing laws.

Agencies: Office of
Housing, Fair Housing and
Equal Opportunity, &
Government of national
Mortgage Association.
Department of Transportation
Secretary of Transportation: Ray LaHood

Administers programs to
promote and regulate
highways, mass transit,
railroads, waterways, air
travel, and oil and gas
pipelines.

Agencies: Highway,
Aviation, Maritime, &
Railroad Administration.
Department of Energy
Secretary of Energy: Steven Chu

Promotes production of
renewable energy, fossil
fuels, and nuclear energy.

Transmits and sells power.

Nuclear Weapons

Agencies: Power &
Radioactive Waste
Management
Department of Education
Secretary of Education: Arne Duncan

Administers federal aid to
schools.

Conducts educational
research.

Agencies: Elementary,
Secondary, and
Postsecondary Ed.
Department of Veterans Affairs
Secretary of V.A: Eric Shinseki

Administers benefits,
pensions, and medical
programs for veterans.

Oversees military
cemeteries.

Agencies: Benefits, Health,
and Cemetery
Department of Homeland Security
Secretary of Homeland: Janet Napolitano

Border and transportation
security.

Emergency preparedness
and response.

Chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear
defense.

Agencies: Coast Guard,
Secret Service, ICE, &
TSA