Download Basic Nursing: Foundations of Skills and Concepts Chapter 19

Basic Nursing: Foundations of
Skills & Concepts
Chapter 19
REST AND
SLEEP
Rest and Sleep

The quality of rest and sleep have a
significant impact on a client’s health,
including:
 Physical well-being.
 Mental Status.
 Effectiveness of coping mechanisms.
Rest

A state of relaxation and calmness, both
mental and physical.
Sleep

A state of altered consciousness during
which an individual experiences:
 Fluctuations in level of consciousness.
 Minimal physical activity.
 General slowing of body’s physiologic
processes.
Sleep Cycle

The sequence of sleep that begins with
the four stages of NREM sleep followed
by passage into the first REM stage.
Biological Clock

An internal mechanism capable of
measuring time in a living organism.
Factors Affecting Rest and
Sleep

Degree of Comfort.

Diet.

Anxiety.

Drugs and other
substances.

Environment.

Age/Aging.

Physical Factors.

Lifestyle.
Factors Affecting Sleep





Physical or emotional
pain.
Loss of familiar
surroundings.
Loss of routine.
Fear of the unknown.
Loss of privacy.



Timing of assessment,
procedures and
treatments.
Intrusive lighting or
equipment.
Noise level.
Common Sleep Alterations

Insomnia.

Sleep Deprivation.

Hypersomia.

Parasomnia.

Narcolepsy.

Restless Leg Syndrome.

Sleep Apnea/Snoring.

Periodic Limb Movement
Disorder.
Insomnia

The inability to sleep or the inadequate
quality of sleep resulting from sleep being
prematurely ended or interrupted by
periods of wakefulness.

Treatment is best directed at modifying
those factors or behaviors that are
causing it.
Hypersomnia

An alteration in sleep pattern
characterized by excessive sleep,
especially in the daytime.

Treatment depends on addressing the
underlying cause.
Narcolepsy

Sudden uncontrollable urges to fall asleep
during daytime.

No cure, but symptoms can be controlled
by taking short daytime naps, taking
prescribed stimulant medications, or
avoiding substances or activities that
cause sleepiness.
Sleep Apnea/Snoring

Sleep apnea is characterized by
breathing pauses of 30 to 60 seconds
during sleep, interspersed by loud snoring
(noisy breathing during sleep).

Treatment includes use of nasal and
dental devices, and sometimes surgical
intervention.
Sleep Deprivation

Prolonged, inadequate quality and
quantity of sleep.

Treating or minimizing the causative
factors is the most effective intervention.
Parasomnia

Profoundly disturbed sleep due to
behavioral or physiological events.
Conditions include:
 Somnambulism (Sleepwalking).
 Sleeptalking.
 Night terrors.
 REM Movement Disorder.
Restless Leg Syndrome

Uncomfortable sensations of tingling or
crawling in the muscles and by twitching,
burning, prickling, or deep aching in the
foot, calf, or upper leg when at rest.

Symptoms may be relieved by drug
therapy.
Periodic Limb Movement
Disorder

A condition wherein the legs jerk every 20
to 40 seconds through the night.

May be treated with drug therapy.
Nursing Interventions to
Promote Rest and Sleep
Trusting Nurse-Client Relationship.
 Relaxing Environment.
 Relaxation Techniques.
 Appropriate Nutrition.
 Pharmacological Interventions.
 Client Education.
