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Drug Abuse Senior Health - Bauberger Drugs used in 2012 by 12th graders Cocaine Health Effects Acute Dilated pupils; increased body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure; nausea; increased energy, alertness; euphoria; decreased appetite& sleep. High doses: Erratic and violent behavior, panic attacks Long-term Addiction, restlessness, anxiety, irritability, paranoia, panic attacks, mood disturbances; insomnia; nasal damage and difficulty swallowing from snorting; GI problems; HIV In combination with alcohol When combined, there is a greater risk of overdose and sudden death than either drug alone. Withdrawal symptoms Depression, fatigue, increased appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, vivid unpleasant dreams, psychomotor retardation or agitation Methamphetamine Health Effects Acute Enhanced mood; increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, energy and activity; decreased appetite; dry mouth; increased sexuality; jaw-clenching Long-term Addiction, memory loss; weight loss; impaired cognition; insomnia, anxiety, irritability, confusion, paranoia, aggression, mood disturbances, hallucinations, violent behavior; liver, kidney, lung damage; severe dental problems; cardiac and neurological damage; HIV, Hepatitis Withdrawal symptoms Depression, anxiety, fatigue, and intense craving for the drug. Inhalants Health Effects Acute Confusion; nausea; slurred speech; lack of coordination; euphoria; dizziness; drowsiness, lightheadedness, hallucinations/ delusions; headaches; suffocation; convulsions/seizures; hypoxia; heart failure; coma; sudden death Long-term Muscle spasms, tremors and possible permanent motor impairment; liver/kidney damage. Addiction - A minority inhale on a regular basis, but among those, some report symptoms of addiction In combination with alcohol Increased risk of adverse cardiovascular effects. Alcohol may increase the blood-vessel relaxant effect of organic nitrates and result in dangerously low blood pressure. Withdrawal symptoms withdrawal syndrome (e.g., irritability, restlessness, insomnia, headaches, poor concentration) can occur with long-term inhalant abuse. “Molly” • Street term for MDMA, a “club drug” • Stimulant, other chemicals or substances (caffeine, amphetamines, PCP, or cocaine) are often added, purity is always unknown • Can be fatal, especially when taken with alcohol • Effects: – Confusion, anxiety, depression, paranoia, sleep problems, drug craving, muscle tension, tremors, involuntary teeth clenching, muscle cramps, nausea, faintness, chills, sweating, and blurred vision. – High doses can interfere with the ability to regulate body temperature, resulting in a sharp increase in body temperature (hyperthermia), leading to liver, kidney and cardiovascular failure. – Severe dehydration can result from the combination of the drug and the crowded/hot conditions in which the drug is often taken. Marijuana Health Effects Acute Heightened sensory perception; euphoria, followed by drowsiness; impaired short-term memory, attention, judgment, coordination and balance; increased heart rate; increased appetite Long-term Addiction: About 9% of users; about 1/6 of those who started using in their teens; 25-50 % of daily users. Mental disorders: may be a causal factor in schizophreniform disorders (in those with a pre-existing vulnerability); is associated with depression and anxiety. Smoking related: chronic cough; bronchitis; lung and upper airway cancers possible. In combination with alcohol Magnified effect on blood pressure; amplified impairment of cognitive, psychomotor, and driving performance Withdrawal symptoms Irritability, difficulty sleeping, strange nightmares, craving, and anxiety. Prescription Stimulants Health Effects Acute Increased alertness, attention, energy; irregular heartbeat, dangerously high body temperature, potential for CV failure or seizures. Long-term High doses especially, or alternate routes of administration (e.g., snorting, injecting) can lead to anxiety, hostility, paranoia, psychosis; addiction. In combination with alcohol Masks the depressant action of alcohol, increasing risk of alcohol overdose. May increase blood pressure. Withdrawal symptoms Depression, fatigue, increased appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, vivid unpleasant dreams, psychomotor retardation or agitation Prescription Sedatives Health Effects Acute Drowsiness, relaxation; overdose Long-term Tolerance, physical dependence, addiction In combination with alcohol Slows both heart rate and respiration, which can be fatal Withdrawal symptoms Discontinuing prolonged use absent a physician’s guidance can lead to serious withdrawal symptoms, including seizures. For barbiturates, abrupt cessation can be lifethreatening. Prescription Opioids (Pain killers) Health Effects Acute Pain relief, drowsiness, nausea, constipation, euphoria—in some. When taken by routes other than as prescribed (e.g., snorted, injected), increased risk of depressed respiration, leading to coma, death. Highly addictive. Long-term Tolerance, addiction In combination with alcohol Dangerous slowing of heart rate and respiration, coma, or death Withdrawal symptoms Restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps ("cold turkey"), and leg movements. Opioids (Heroin) Health Effects Acute Euphoria; warm flushing of skin; dry mouth; heavy feeling in extremities; clouded thinking; alternate wakeful and drowsy states; itching; nausea; depressed respiration Long-term Addiction; physical dependence; collapsed veins; abscesses; infection of heart lining and valves; arthritis/other rheumatologic problems; HIV; Hepatitis C In combination with alcohol Dangerous slowdown of heart rate and respiration, coma, or death Withdrawal symptoms Restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps ("cold turkey"), and leg movements. Camden County heroin overdoses reported in Gloucester City, Berlin, Stratford • 3/11/14 NJ.com— “Police are investigating a single-day rash of heroin overdoses in the city. Authorities confirmed seven overdoses in Camden alone, all of which occurred on Tuesday. None were fatal there, but investigators are seeking the source of the heroin. "We are hoping this warning may alter the behavior of the addicted, or assist their loved ones with their intervention to prevent another senseless death," Camden County Police Department Chief Scott Thomson said. Early emergency dispatch reports indicated there were a dozen 911 calls reporting heroin overdoses throughout Camden County early Tuesday evening.” New Jersey Drug Epidemic • 2 yr probe recently unveiled escalating epidemic in NJ • 1/2 of the 843 drug-related deaths that occurred in NJ in 2010 were specifically due to prescription pills • More Americans die each year due to prescription drug overdoses than to heroin and cocaine combined • Corrupt doctors and “medical facilities” are the trigger to the epidemic • North Jersey.com: – http://www.northjersey.com/specialreports/heroin_bergen_paterso n_drugs_2013.html#ooid=5vZWtmYjqsdVqUypmfN7Zc8cBMPHUu k_ New Jersey Drug Epidemic • Chain Reaction: Injury/Illness gets painkiller prescription Corrupt doctors/drug dealers continue prescriptions beyond what is necessary Addicts eventually find heroin, cheaper and increasingly available New Jersey Drug Epidemic • In 2010, enough painkillers were prescribed in New Jersey to medicate all 9 million state residents around the clock for a month, according to the CDC • Drug overdoses now outnumber automobile accidents as the leading cause of death in NJ • What is being done??? New Jersey Drug Epidemic • What can you do? – Only used prescription medications AS INSTRUCTED – NEVER take a medication that wasn’t specifically prescribed for YOU – If you see something, SAY something – spread the word – “Medicine” does not mean “Safe” “No Heroin in Heaven” • http://noheroininheaven.com/ • http://www.wsbtv.com/videos/news/studysoaring-number-of-local-youth-dyingfrom/vCQzzL/