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Drugs Drugs • Any substance taken in to modify or affect chemical reactions in the body. • Medical drugs: painkillers, antibiotics, hormones, • Psychological drugs: nicotine, alcohol, GHB, Antibiotics Antibiotics • Antibiotics are designed to kill bacteria (living organisms). They break down cell walls and membranes. Interfere with their metabolism and damage DNA. Antibiotics • Can not destroy viruses, since they do not have a metabolism. Heroin • Produced from morphine, taken from opiates found in Poppies. • Painkiller, recreational drug. • Physical and severe psychological dependence. • Diamorphine, legally prescribed drug for patients trying to fight their addiction. Heroin • Can be injected (intra venous): slamming, shooting up, speed balling • Smoking, inhaling: chasing the dragon Heroin • Effects: • drowsiness, disorientation, low blood pressure, slow breathing rate, nausea, vomiting, constipation, muscle spasms, urine retention, itching, rash, pain killer Heroin • Risks: • Infections (non-sterile needles): bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens • Poisoning by contaminations • Addiction • Physical dependence • Constipation Heroin Heroin • Crime related: • • • • • Stealing Possession Trafficking Dealing Manufacturing Addiction • Drug addiction is a pathological or abnormal condition which arises due to frequent drug use. The disorder of addiction involves the progression of acute drug use to the development of drugseeking behavior, the vulnerability to relapse, and the decreased, slowed ability to respond to naturally rewarding stimuli. Alcohol • The favourite (and often acceptable) mood altering drug of many human societies. Alcohol Alcohol • One unit of alcohol: • One glass of wine • Single whisky • Two glasses of beer Alcohol • Safe upper limits per week • Man – 21 units per week and 2-3 days without • Woman – 14 units • Pregnant woman – zero intake Alcohol • • • • • • • Risks: Brain damage (long term), addiction Cancer of the gullet and pancreas Deficiency of nutrients Obesity Damage to immune system Impaired sexual and reproductive function Alcohol • • • • High blood pressure Weaker, irregular heart beat Inflammation of the stomach Liver damage (enlarged, jaundice, fatty, cirrhosis) Alcohol