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Chicago Police Crisis Intervention Team NAMI of Greater Chicago Chicago Police Crisis Intervention Team Program goals Enhance outcomes Officer safety De-escalation Diversion Crisis prevention Chicago Police Crisis Intervention Team Program goals Identify Mental Health calls Quantify Mental Health calls Identify best practice methods Training 40 hour State Certification course Voluntary Training Program Mental Health Court Training Office of Emergency Communication call taker training Mental Health Service System Training Focus groups Training History & Overview Signs & Symptoms Risk Assessment/Intervention Developmental Disabilities Child/adolescent Disorders Substance abuse/Co-occurring Psychotropic medications Geriatric Disorders Hearing Voices Exercise Legal Issues (Petition) Department Procedures 1 hour 4 hours 4 hours 2 hours 2 hours 2 hours 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 2 hours 2 hours Training Consumer/Family Panel Community Resource Panel Mental Health Court Panel CIT Role-play 3 hours 3 hours 1 hour 8hours Measurements Effectiveness of training Amy Watson – University of Illinois – Chicago (UIC) Training content Sue Pickett-Schenk – University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC) Efficacy of training Carrie Steiner – Illinois School of Psychology Impact – Chicago Police Department A rapidly diffusing intervention Over 400 hundred “CIT” programs (BJA, 2006) Identification of “Key Elements” (CSG) Evidence (limited but mounting) • Reduced injuries (Dupont & Cochran, 2000 ) • Reduced arrests (Steadman, et al 2000; Teller et al 2006) • Increased transports to hospital (increase voluntary) (Teller et al 2006) • Increased perceptions of effectiveness (Borum, et al 1998) • Improved attitudes (Compton, et al 2006) Measurements Prior to training, most officers would elect to arrest After training, most officers would elect to divert The key to this turn-around lies in the training Trained CIT officers recognize the signs and symptoms of mental illness “CIT is more than just training” Thus, we need to model and measure the other elements & outcomes Model of CIT Effectiveness (Watson, Morabito, Draine& Ottati) Officer Characteristics Treatment Linkages Availability Officer and Encounter Outcomes CIT Training Skills with PSMI Perception of police officer Interaction of CIT and Mental Health Treatment linkages Use of Force Violence by PSMI Injuries Organizational factors Arrests Saturation Linkage to treatment as disposition Champion Community Characteristics Studying CIT in Chicago…….and beyond Evaluate effectiveness of CIT in Chicago Test strategies for measuring key variables and outcomes Provide groundwork for multi-site study of CIT in several cities *work supported by NIMH R34 MH081558 Partnerships NAMI of Greater Chicago “ Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Illinois Office of Mental Health Cook County Circuit Court Mental Health Service System Office of Emergency Management and Communications University of Illinois at Chicago Illinois College of Psychology The Pilot Program 7th District (Englewood) 23rd District (Town Hall) 40 officers and supervisors per District 1 Sgt, 2 police officers per team Measurement instruments FOR MORE INFO... Lt. Jeff Murphy, CIT Coordinator – [email protected] Sgt. Bill Lange, CIT Team Manager – [email protected] Mental Heath Court Since 1990’s Over 130 Courts Nationally Have Been Developed Most are adult criminal courts Have a separate docket dedicated to persons with mental illnesses Divert criminal defendants from jail into treatment programs Some courts monitor the defendants during treatment and have the ability to impose criminal sanctions for failure to comply The Cook County Model Target population: • All voluntary admission to program • Works exclusively with MI felony offenders • 24 month probation • Four phases of treatment • State of Illinois Division of Mental Health open cases • Generally non-violent, non-sex offenders • Economically disadvantaged • Co-occurring substance use disorder Unique Program Features Primary Focus: Community Case Management Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) – Chicago Police Department Clinical Emphasis-Multidisciplinary Team Sanctions-based system that keeps the mentally ill offender (MIO) out of jail/prison and in community services Open state mental health cases: services are paid through Medicaid Focus on high-risk clients: felony probationers The Process as of Now (What we are finding reality to be) The program individuals have: • Much more extensive criminal backgrounds (compared to a 7 year review of Cook County drug court participants) • Much more extensive psychiatric histories (including major Axis II Personality Disorders) • Few, if any, community resources with adequate funding to service the level of care needed Criminal Justice History of Program Participants at Admission 40 35 30 25 Males Females 20 Total 15 10 5 0 Average Total Arrests Average Felony Arrests Average Total Convictions Average Felony Convictions Average Prison/Probation Criminal Activity Pre- and Post-Admission 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 Males 2.5 Females Total 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Average arrests 1 year prior to admission Average convictions 1 year prior to admission Average arrests 1 year after admission Average convictions 1 year after admission In Custody Days and Costs Average Jail Costs Average Days in Custody 140 $9,000 120 $8,000 $7,000 100 $6,000 80 $5,000 60 $4,000 $3,000 40 $2,000 20 $1,000 0 $0 Average days custody year prior to adm Average days custody year after adm Average jail costs year prior to adm Average jail costs year after adm Increase Public Safety For all 139 participants: 75% reduction in arrests 78% no felony arrests 91% no felony conviction Average days in custody went from 112 to 11.5 following a new arrest (annualized) Graduates For the first two graduating classes: 100% no felony arrests 100% no drug crime arrests 93% decrease in total convictions Average time in custody fell from 74 days to 3 hours (per year) Related costs from $9,559 to $14 What we have learned about recovery Recovery takes time It is not linear 1st 3-6 months crucial People who do well seem to turn a corner at around 12-15 months The 24 month probation time frame is short for probationers to accomplish all we want them to CJS has made significant adjustments (also from the drug court model) How does the Mental Health Court Team evaluate probationers’ progress? New arrests Drug test results Compliance with probation conditions, including engagement in treatment Progress toward work and/or school Attaining stable housing What does CIT have to do with all of this? CIT officers are the “muscle” for the mental health court judges CIT officers strive to serve MH Court warrants within 48 hours of issuance CIT officers appear in MH Court to testify after warrant has been served CIT officers call this “ongoing diversion” New Initiatives HBT/SWAT School Patrol/SVU Officer training Advanced CIT Training Autism Suicide Mental Health Court Warrant Procedures Veteran PTSD/TBI/Justice Involved Chicago Police Department Crisis Intervention Team Lt. Jeff Murphy - CIT Coordinator Education and Training Division [email protected] Suzanne M. Andriukaitis, M.A., LCSW Executive Director NAMI Greater Chicago Email: [email protected]
