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Chicago Police
Crisis Intervention Team
NAMI of Greater Chicago
Chicago Police
Crisis Intervention Team
Program goals
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Enhance outcomes
Officer safety
De-escalation
Diversion
Crisis prevention
Chicago Police
Crisis Intervention Team
Program goals
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Identify Mental Health calls
Quantify Mental Health calls
Identify best practice methods
Training
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40 hour State Certification course
Voluntary Training Program
Mental Health Court Training
Office of Emergency Communication call
taker training
Mental Health Service System Training
Focus groups
Training
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History & Overview
Signs & Symptoms
Risk Assessment/Intervention
Developmental Disabilities
Child/adolescent Disorders
Substance abuse/Co-occurring
Psychotropic medications
Geriatric Disorders
Hearing Voices Exercise
Legal Issues (Petition)
Department Procedures
1 hour
4 hours
4 hours
2 hours
2 hours
2 hours
1 hour
1 hour
1 hour
2 hours
2 hours
Training
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Consumer/Family Panel
Community Resource Panel
Mental Health Court Panel
CIT Role-play
3 hours
3 hours
1 hour
8hours
Measurements
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Effectiveness of training
Amy Watson – University of Illinois –
Chicago (UIC)
Training content
Sue Pickett-Schenk – University of Illinois,
Chicago (UIC)
Efficacy of training
Carrie Steiner – Illinois School of
Psychology
Impact – Chicago Police Department
A rapidly diffusing intervention
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Over 400 hundred “CIT” programs
(BJA, 2006)
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Identification of “Key Elements” (CSG)
Evidence (limited but mounting)
• Reduced injuries
(Dupont & Cochran, 2000 )
• Reduced arrests (Steadman, et al 2000; Teller et al
2006)
• Increased transports to hospital (increase
voluntary) (Teller et al 2006)
• Increased perceptions of effectiveness (Borum, et
al 1998)
• Improved attitudes (Compton, et al 2006)
Measurements
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Prior to training, most officers would
elect to arrest
After training, most officers would
elect to divert
The key to this turn-around lies in the
training
Trained CIT officers recognize the
signs and symptoms of mental illness
“CIT is more than just
training”
Thus, we need to model and measure
the other elements & outcomes
Model of CIT Effectiveness (Watson, Morabito, Draine& Ottati)
Officer Characteristics
Treatment
Linkages
Availability
Officer and
Encounter Outcomes
CIT Training
Skills with PSMI
Perception of police
officer
Interaction of
CIT and Mental
Health Treatment
linkages
Use of Force
Violence by PSMI
Injuries
Organizational
factors
Arrests
Saturation
Linkage to treatment
as disposition
Champion
Community
Characteristics
Studying CIT in
Chicago…….and beyond
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Evaluate effectiveness of CIT in Chicago
Test strategies for measuring key variables
and outcomes
Provide groundwork for multi-site study
of CIT in several cities
*work supported by NIMH R34 MH081558
Partnerships
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NAMI of Greater Chicago
“
Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board
Illinois Office of Mental Health
Cook County Circuit Court
Mental Health Service System
Office of Emergency Management and Communications
University of Illinois at Chicago
Illinois College of Psychology
The Pilot Program
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7th District (Englewood) 23rd District
(Town Hall)
40 officers and supervisors per District
1 Sgt, 2 police officers per team
Measurement instruments
FOR MORE INFO...
Lt. Jeff Murphy, CIT Coordinator –
[email protected]
Sgt. Bill Lange, CIT Team Manager –
[email protected]
Mental Heath Court
Since 1990’s Over 130 Courts
Nationally Have Been Developed
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Most are adult criminal courts
Have a separate docket dedicated to
persons with mental illnesses
Divert criminal defendants from jail
into treatment programs
Some courts monitor the defendants
during treatment and have the ability
to impose criminal sanctions for
failure to comply
The Cook County Model
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Target population:
• All voluntary admission to program
• Works exclusively with MI felony offenders
• 24 month probation
• Four phases of treatment
• State of Illinois Division of Mental Health open
cases
• Generally non-violent, non-sex offenders
• Economically disadvantaged
• Co-occurring substance use disorder
Unique Program Features
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Primary Focus: Community Case Management
Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) – Chicago
Police Department
Clinical Emphasis-Multidisciplinary Team
Sanctions-based system that keeps the
mentally ill offender (MIO) out of jail/prison
and in community services
Open state mental health cases: services are
paid through Medicaid
Focus on high-risk clients: felony probationers
The Process as of Now
(What we are finding reality to be)
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The program individuals have:
• Much more extensive criminal backgrounds
(compared to a 7 year review of Cook
County drug court participants)
• Much more extensive psychiatric histories
(including major Axis II Personality
Disorders)
• Few, if any, community resources with
adequate funding to service the level of
care needed
Criminal Justice History of Program
Participants at Admission
40
35
30
25
Males
Females
20
Total
15
10
5
0
Average Total
Arrests
Average Felony
Arrests
Average Total
Convictions
Average Felony
Convictions
Average
Prison/Probation
Criminal Activity
Pre- and Post-Admission
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
Males
2.5
Females
Total
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Average arrests 1
year prior to
admission
Average
convictions 1 year
prior to admission
Average arrests 1
year after
admission
Average
convictions 1 year
after admission
In Custody Days and Costs
Average Jail Costs
Average Days in Custody
140
$9,000
120
$8,000
$7,000
100
$6,000
80
$5,000
60
$4,000
$3,000
40
$2,000
20
$1,000
0
$0
Average days
custody year
prior to adm
Average days
custody year
after adm
Average jail
costs year
prior to adm
Average jail
costs year
after adm
Increase Public Safety
For all 139 participants:
75% reduction in arrests
 78% no felony arrests
 91% no felony conviction
 Average days in custody went from
112 to 11.5 following a new arrest
(annualized)

Graduates
For the first two graduating classes:
100% no felony arrests
 100% no drug crime arrests
 93% decrease in total convictions
 Average time in custody fell from 74
days to 3 hours (per year)
 Related costs from $9,559 to $14
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What we have learned about
recovery
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Recovery takes
time
It is not linear
1st 3-6 months
crucial
People who do well
seem to turn a
corner at around
12-15 months
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The 24 month
probation time
frame is short for
probationers to
accomplish all we
want them to
CJS has made
significant
adjustments (also
from the drug
court model)
How does the Mental Health
Court Team evaluate
probationers’ progress?
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New arrests
Drug test results
Compliance with probation conditions,
including engagement in treatment
Progress toward work and/or school
Attaining stable housing
What does CIT have to
do with all of this?
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CIT officers are the “muscle” for the
mental health court judges
CIT officers strive to serve MH Court
warrants within 48 hours of issuance
CIT officers appear in MH Court to
testify after warrant has been served
CIT officers call this “ongoing
diversion”
New Initiatives
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HBT/SWAT
School Patrol/SVU Officer training
Advanced CIT Training
Autism
Suicide
Mental Health Court Warrant
Procedures
Veteran PTSD/TBI/Justice Involved
Chicago Police
Department
Crisis Intervention
Team
Lt. Jeff Murphy - CIT Coordinator
Education and Training Division
[email protected]
Suzanne M. Andriukaitis, M.A., LCSW
Executive Director
NAMI Greater Chicago
Email: [email protected]