Download Reporting Status or Progress

VERTIC/REC Workshop
Fulfilling the monitoring and reporting requirements under
the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
National Systems and
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
ENERGY
Dr. Christo Christov
Energy Institute JSCo
Sofia, Bulgaria
9-10 October 2006, Budapest, Hungary
1
Energy Institute is an independent private joint-stock company
providing solutions in the field of energy, environmental protection
and climate change.
For the recent fife years we have developed more than 200 projects in the
field of the nuclear and thermal energy, power transmission and
distribution, co-generation, district heating and renewable energy.
Energy Institute and climate change:
• The First, Second, Third and Forth National Communications on
Climate Change,
• The First and Second National Action Plan on Climate Change
• National Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Inventories and National
Inventory Reports for the years 1988, 1990 – 2004.
• EU ETS National Allocation Plan
• Demonstrable Progress Report to the UN FCCC
• Advises to the Governmental officials on national policies and
measures for reducing GHG emissions
2
BULGARIA and UNFCCC
• Bulgaria ratified the Convention in March 1995,
• Pursuant to article 4 (section 2c and 6) of the UNFCCC, Bulgaria
used its right to choose as a base year different from the commonly
accepted 1990, i.e. 1988.
• Bulgaria ratified the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC on August
15th, 2002. The target adopted by Bulgaria is an 8% reduction
compared to the base year 1988.
3
Historic overview of GDP and GHG emissions
GHG emissions and GDP trends, % (1988 =100%)
100
95
90
85
80
%
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
GDP
GHG
4
Summary
In 2002 Bulgaria achieved reduction minus 56%. Drivers:
• Governmental policies for transition to the market economy,
restructuring of industry, privatisation and liberalization;
• Energy policy towards liberalization of the energy market and
removal of subsidies;
The GHG intensity (GHG/GDP) of the Bulgarian economy
decreased by 46% in 2002.
The accounted emission reduction results from two factors:
• GDP and population decrease: 33%;
• Economic and energy policies: 67%.
Significant increase of the GHG emissions due to the early
termination of two nuclear reactors operation at the end of 2002
Next emissions increase - two next reactors to be shut down ahead of
the design operation term in 2006
5
Energy Sector Contribution
to the GHG Emissions
TOTAL
Party
EU - 15
BG
Gg CO2
equiv
Energy
% of Total
CO2
CO2
equiv
Fuel Combustion
% of total
CO2
CO2
equiv
4 811 989
70
68
69
68
67 511
75
72
72
72
6
A. Fuel Combustion Activities (Sectoral Approach)
1. Energy Industries
• a. Public Electricity and Heat Production
• b. Petroleum Refining
• c. Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries
2. Manufacturing Industries and Construction
• a. Iron and Steel
• b. Non-Ferrous Metals
• c. Chemicals
• d. Pulp, Paper and Print
• e. Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco
• f. Other (please specify) – BG Autoproducers
7
A. Fuel Combustion Activities (cont.)
3. Transport
• a. Civil Aviation
• b. Road Transportation
• c. Railways
• d. Navigation
• e. Other Transportation (please
specify)
4. Other Sectors
• a. Commercial/Institutional
• b. Residential
• c. Agriculture
/Forestry/Fisheries
5. Other (please specify)
• a. Stationary
• b. Mobile
Memo Items:
• International Bunkers Aviation/Marine
• Multilateral Operations CO2
• Emissions from Biomass
8
Information Sources – Activity Data, NCV
Stationary combustion – National Statistics
23 fuel groups in 20 sub source groups
SOLID
• Hard coal
• Patent fuels
• Coke
• Brown coals
• Lignite
• Lignite coal briquettes
• Tar, benzol
• Coke-oven gas
• Blast-furn. gas
• Gasworks gas
Natural gas
LIQUID
• Crude oil
• Distillates
• Refinery gas
• LPG
• Gasoline
• Kerosene, jet fuels
• Naphtha
• Gas / diesel oil
• Residual fuel oil
• White spirit
• Lubricants
• Bitumen
• Petroleum coke
9
Information Sources – Activity Data (cont.)
Mobile combustion
• National Statistics,
• Ministry of Interior,
• Ministry of Transportation,
• Ministry of Finance
Non energy fuel use
• National Statistics
• International Bunkers
• Aviation
• Marine
No Representative Sources
Expert estimates for the shares
of Inland and International
fuel consumption
10
Information Sources – Emission Factors
Stationary combustion
• CO2 - Calculations based on Certificates for delivery:
• Carbon content
• NCV
• Oxidation, based on the combustion technology
• CH4
and
N2O based on the combustion technology :
• measurements
• IPCC default
Mobile combustion
– Modelling
11
Reference Approach
Fuels:
• Production
• Imports
• Exports
• International bunkers
• Stock change
• Conversion factors (NCV)
• Carbon content
• Carbon stored
• Carbon oxidation
Information sources
• National Statistics
• IEA Statistics
• Ministry of Finance
• Ministry of Transportation
• Customs Administration
• Ministry of Economy and Energy
12
B. Fugitive Emissions from Fuels
1. Solid Fuels
• a. Coal Mining
• b. Solid Fuel Transformation
Underground Mines
Mining Activities
Post-Mining Activities.
Surface Mines
Mining Activities
Post-Mining Activities
2. Oil and Natural Gas
• a. Oil
• b. Natural Gas
• c. Venting and Flaring
• Venting
• Flaring.
13
B. Fugitive Emissions from Fuels (cont.)
1. B. 2. a. Oil
i. Exploration
ii. Production
iii. Transport
iv. Refining / Storage
v. Distribution of oil products
• 1. B. 2. b. Natural Gas
• Exploration
• i. Production / Processing
• ii. Transmission
Distribution
• iii. Other Leakage
•
•
•
• Pipelines length (km)
• Number of gas wells
• Gas throughput
Pipelines length (km)
Number of oil wells
Oil throughput
14
Information Sources – Activity Data
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ministry of Economy and Energy
National Statistics
Coal Mines
Refineries
Gas and Oil Producer companies
Transmission and distribution companies
Information Sources – Emission Factors
• IPCC Default
• Measurement –companies and research institutes
15
The National System and the Energy Sector
Inventory activities include:
• collecting activity data,
• key source analysis,
• selecting methods and emission factors,
• estimating anthropogenic GHG emissions,
• implementing uncertainty assessment,
• quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)
• inventory report preparation
The System should include:
• Legislation within the country related to the maintenance of the
system, authority to collect and publish data (e.g., activity data),
• Rules for the internal organization of the entities responsible for and
involved in preparing the Energy Sector inventory ,
• Rules for coordination between these institutions
16
The National System and the Energy Sector
Legislation: one or more of the following acts should be amended:
• Energy Act
• Environmental Protection Act
• Act for the National Statistics
As well as the secondary legislation (Regulations) to set:
1. The Single Entity (it should be familiar with the Energy Sector!!!)
2. Specific responsibilities delegated to the institutions that collect data
for the energy sector inventory
3. Requirement for formal agreements or MOUs with any companies or
other government ministries for the collection of activity data
4. Incorporation of Energy Sector QA/QC procedures into data suppliers
data collection processes so as to ensure that the quality of their data
meets the needs of the national inventory
17
The Regulation(s) should set:
Definition and allocation of specific responsibilities in:
• choice of methods,
• data collection, particularly activity data and emission factors,
• processing and archiving, and QC and QA.
This definition shall specify the roles of, and cooperation between
entities involved in the preparation of the inventory.
QA/QC plan that specifies in detail the quality control checks and the
quality assurance review process that are to be implemented within
the every entity.
The resources and staff in the entity that is performing Energy sector
inventory will need to be dedicated to inventory work for much if
not all of the year because planning, collecting data, preparing
estimates, implementing QA/QC, and then finalizing the Energy part
of NIR and CRF tables is taking many months.
18
The Regulations (QA/QC program) should set as well:
• Processes for the official consideration and approval of the Energy
inventory prior to its submission for compilation of the general
inventory
• Processes to respond to any issues raised by the inventory review
process under focus on continuous improvement and continuous
attention to maintaining quality.
• Process for utilisation of the latest scientific information
incorporation into Energy emission estimates.
• Ways to improve the quality of activity data, emission factors,
methods following the Information obtained from the
implementation of the QA/QC programme
Review of the Energy inventory by personnel that have not been
involved in the inventory development, preferably an independent
third party and for a more extensive review of the inventory for key
source categories, as well as source categories where significant
changes in methods or data have been made
19
Organizations involved in the Energy inventory process
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ministry of Environment and Water – planning
Executive Environmental Agency – responsible entity, archiving
National Statistics – data collection, QA/QC, data supply
Primary data sources – enterprises to fill in the statistical
questionnaires
Ministry of Economy and Energy – general data out of the NS
Ministry of Interior – transport fleet data
Ministry of Finance and Custom Administration – import/export,
road/offroad fuel consumption (excise)
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry – biomass fuel consumption
Energy production companies – specific data out of the NS
20
Energy Institute and Energy inventory (now and till 2007)
Regular participation in a Public Procurement Act procedure (bid)
If the Institute is awarded the contract:
• Key source analysis
• List of the necessary data
• Selection of methods and Ef
• Modeling of the mobile combustion
• Compilation of the inventory
• OA/QC tier 1&2
• Uncertainty analysis
• Compilation of the Energy chapter and annexes for the NIR
• Response to any issues raised by the inventory review process
• Continuous improvement of the inventor process
• Archiving
21
Inventory process after 2007
(according to a decision of the MoEW)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Single Entity - Executive Environmental Agency
Key source analysis – National statistics
List of the necessary data – National statistics
Selection of methods and Ef – National statistics
Modeling of the mobile combustion – National statistics
Compilation of the inventory – National statistics
OA/QC tier 1&2 – National statistics
Uncertainty analysis – National statistics
Compilation of the NIR – National statistics
Response to any issues raised by the inventory review process –
National statistics
• Continuous improvement of the inventor process – National
statistics
• Archiving – National statistics
22
The Ministry considers that today Legal base and Regulations does not
need any amendments to meet the National System Requirements
• The two existing inventory experts at the Executive Environmental
Agency are enough to coordinate the inventory process
• The National Inventory Process (System) will be situated as
subsystem to the National Air Quality Monitoring System
• The National Statistics staff and rules do not need enhancement
National Methodology for Monitoring of Air Pollutants and
GHG Emissions based on CORINAIR and IPCC should
be elaborated till 2007 end, and implemented for the 2008
inventory.
23
Thanks for your attention!
Contacts:
Dr. Christo Christov,
Executive Director
Energy Institute, 20 Joliot – Curie Str.,
Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
Phone: (359 2) 969 86 38, (359 2) 866 91 20
Fax (359 2) 963 40 38,
GSM (359 88) 8283889
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
24