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Earth’s Layers Introduction to Earth’s Processes and Structures Standard: 8-3.1 Summarize the three layers of Earth – crust, mantle, and core – on the basis of relative position, density, and composition Density Demonstration • • • • 10 volunteers What does density mean? D = M/V Density = Mass/Volume YouTube-Layers of the Earth • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9j1xG axYzY Earth’s Layers • The Earth is divided into these main layers. – Crust – Mantle – Core: Inner and Outer Earth’s Layers Layer Position Density Composition The Crust * The Earth’s crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin compared to the other layers. *The crust makes up 1% of the Earth. * The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. • Position: Crust – Outermost layer – Thinnest under oceans – Thickest under continents – Crust + upper mantle = the lithosphere • Density: – Least dense layer overall but…. • Oceanic crust (basalt) is more dense than the continental crust (granite) • Composition: – Made of solid rock • The mantle is the layer below the crust. • The mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. • The mantle is divided into two regions: the upper and lower sections. The Mantle • Position: Mantle – Middle layer – Thickest layer – Top portion is called the asthenosphere • Density: – Increases as depth increases – Pressure causes density to increase • Composition: – Hot softened rock – Made of iron and magnesium Plasticity Demo • Cornstarch and Water • What do you think softened rock can look like? • What properties does it have? * The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. * The outer core is liquid. * The outer core is made up of iron and is very dense. Outer Core * The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move. * The inner core is a solid. Inner Core • Position: Core – Inner layer – Two parts: Outer core and Inner core • Density: – Heaviest material – Most dense layer • Composition: – Made of iron and nickel – Outer Core – liquid, flowing metal – Inner Core – solid metal Layer Position Density Composition Crust -Outer layer; -thinnest under oceans, thickest under continents; -crust & top of mantle called the lithosphere -Least dense layer; -oceanic crust = dense basalt; -continental crust = less dense granite -Solid rock: mostly silicon and oxygen -Oceanic crust: basalt -Continental crust: granite Layer Position Mantle -Middle layer, -thickest layer, -top portion is called the asthenosphere Density Composition -Density increases with depth because of increasing pressure -Hot softened rock; -contains iron and magnesium Layer Position Core -Inner layer; consists of two parts – outer core and inner core Density -Heaviest material; -most dense layer Composition -Mostly iron and nickel; Outer core – slow flowing liquid metal Inner core – solid metal BrainPop: 5 facts minimum Exit Ticket 1) What are the layers of the Earth? 2) The Earth’s crust is very ______. 3) What layer is the largest? 4) Is the Outer Core a liquid or a solid? Answers! 1) Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core 2) Thin 3) Mantle 4) Liquid Earth’s Layers Layer Crust Mantle Core Position Density Composition -Outer layer; -thinnest under oceans, thickest under continents; -crust & top of mantle called the lithosphere -Least dense layer; -oceanic crust = dense basalt; -continental crust = less dense granite -Solid rock: mostly silicon and oxygen -Oceanic crust: basalt -Continental crust: granite -Middle layer, -thickest layer, -top portion is called the asthenosphere -Density increases with depth because of increasing pressure -Hot softened rock; -contains iron and magnesium -Inner layer; consists of two parts – outer core and inner core -Heaviest material; -most dense layer -Mostly iron and nickel; Outer core – slow flowing liquid metal Inner core – solid metal