Download Earth`s Layers - Spaulding Middle School

Earth’s Layers
Introduction to
Earth’s Processes and Structures
Standard: 8-3.1
Summarize the three layers of Earth – crust,
mantle, and core – on the basis of relative
position, density, and composition
Density Demonstration
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10 volunteers
What does density mean?
D = M/V
Density = Mass/Volume
YouTube-Layers of the Earth
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9j1xG
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Earth’s Layers
• The Earth is divided
into these main layers.
– Crust
– Mantle
– Core: Inner and Outer
Earth’s Layers
Layer
Position
Density
Composition
The Crust
* The Earth’s crust is
like the skin of an
apple. It is very thin
compared to the other
layers.
*The crust makes up 1%
of the Earth.
* The crust of the
Earth is broken into
many pieces called
plates.
• Position:
Crust
– Outermost layer
– Thinnest under oceans
– Thickest under continents
– Crust + upper mantle = the lithosphere
• Density:
– Least dense layer overall but….
• Oceanic crust (basalt) is more dense than
the continental crust (granite)
• Composition:
– Made of solid rock
• The mantle is the
layer below the
crust.
• The mantle is the
largest layer of
the Earth.
• The mantle is
divided into two
regions: the upper
and lower
sections.
The Mantle
• Position:
Mantle
– Middle layer
– Thickest layer
– Top portion is called the asthenosphere
• Density:
– Increases as depth increases
– Pressure causes density to increase
• Composition:
– Hot softened rock
– Made of iron and magnesium
Plasticity Demo
• Cornstarch and Water
• What do you think
softened rock can
look like?
• What properties does
it have?
* The core of the
Earth is like a
ball of very hot
metals.
* The outer core
is liquid.
* The outer core
is made up of
iron and is very
dense.
Outer Core
* The inner core of
the Earth has
temperatures and
pressures so great
that the metals are
squeezed together
and are not able to
move.
* The inner core is a
solid.
Inner Core
• Position:
Core
– Inner layer
– Two parts: Outer core and Inner core
• Density:
– Heaviest material
– Most dense layer
• Composition:
– Made of iron and nickel
– Outer Core – liquid, flowing metal
– Inner Core – solid metal
Layer
Position
Density
Composition
Crust
-Outer layer;
-thinnest under
oceans,
thickest under
continents;
-crust & top of
mantle called
the lithosphere
-Least dense
layer;
-oceanic crust
= dense basalt;
-continental
crust = less
dense granite
-Solid rock:
mostly silicon
and oxygen
-Oceanic
crust: basalt
-Continental
crust: granite
Layer
Position
Mantle -Middle layer,
-thickest layer,
-top portion is
called the
asthenosphere
Density
Composition
-Density
increases with
depth because
of increasing
pressure
-Hot softened
rock;
-contains iron
and
magnesium
Layer
Position
Core
-Inner layer;
consists of
two parts –
outer core and
inner core
Density
-Heaviest
material;
-most dense
layer
Composition
-Mostly iron
and nickel;
Outer core –
slow flowing
liquid metal
Inner core –
solid metal
BrainPop: 5 facts minimum
Exit Ticket
1) What are the layers of the Earth?
2) The Earth’s crust is very ______.
3) What layer is the largest?
4) Is the Outer Core a liquid or a solid?
Answers!
1) Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
2) Thin
3) Mantle
4) Liquid
Earth’s Layers
Layer
Crust
Mantle
Core
Position
Density
Composition
-Outer layer;
-thinnest under oceans,
thickest under
continents;
-crust & top of mantle
called the lithosphere
-Least dense layer;
-oceanic crust = dense
basalt;
-continental crust =
less dense granite
-Solid rock: mostly
silicon and oxygen
-Oceanic crust: basalt
-Continental crust:
granite
-Middle layer,
-thickest layer, -top
portion is called the
asthenosphere
-Density increases
with depth because of
increasing pressure
-Hot softened rock;
-contains iron and
magnesium
-Inner layer; consists of
two parts –
outer core and
inner core
-Heaviest material;
-most dense layer
-Mostly iron and
nickel;
Outer core – slow
flowing liquid metal
Inner core – solid
metal