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Download File - Mrs. Goldstein`s Class
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Key Issue 1 Shoppers in Salzburg, Austria Origins & Types of Services Types of services divided into three types Consumer services: provide services to individual consumers who desire them & can afford them Business services: facilitate other businesses Public services: provide security and protection for citizens and businesses Percent GDP from Services, 2005 2/3 of GDP in MDCs are in Service Industry Less than ½ in LDCs are in Service Industry Fig. 12-1: Services contribute over two-thirds of GDP in more developed countries, compared to less than one-half in less developed countries. Consumer Services Provide services to individual consumers Nearly ½ of jobs in US Four main types: Retail & wholesale services Education services Health services Leisure and hospitality services Retail and Wholesale Services 11% of US jobs: retail Department stores Grocers Cars Building materials Clothing Education Services 11% of jobs in US 2/3 of educators in public schools 1/3 in private schools Counted in public-sector Health Services 10% of jobs in US Hospitals Doctor’s offices Nursing homes Leisure & Hospitality Services 10% of all jobs ¾ of these jobs are restaurants & bars ¼ of these jobs in lodging/entertainment Eco-tourism in Costa Rica Rapidly growing sector, especially in MDCs Multitrillion dollar industry Generates several hundred million jobs Especially important in Latin America/Caribbean islands: near US Read p.402 List Pros/Cons of EcoTourism of this growing industry Costa Rica’s Tortuguero National Park draws eco-tourists to the tropical rainforest. Business Services Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services ¼ of jobs in US Financial Services 6% of US Jobs FIRE Financial: ½ Insurance: 1/3 Real Estate Professional Services 13% of US jobs Management positions Technical services: law, accountant, architecture, engineering, design, consulting Support Services: clerical, secretarial, custodial Transportation and Similar Services Businesses that diffuse/distribute services 6% of US jobs Transportation: trucking Information services: publishing, broadcasting Utilities: water & electricity Public Services To provide security and protection for citizens & businesses 16% of US jobs Federal government State government Local government Changes in Number of Employees Change in classification of jobs makes changes difficult to compare Service Sector: expansion in professional services Engineering, management, law Consumer Service: expansion in healthcare, recreation/entertainment Public Services: declining. Many federal jobs have moved to state & local Employment Change in U.S. Fig 12-2: Growth in employment in the U.S. since 1970 has been entirely in the tertiary sector, with the greatest increase in professional services. Origin of Services Services clustered in settlements First… Early Consumer Services Early Public Services Later… Early Business Services Early Consumer Services Early consumer services: Bury the dead Honor dead, celebrate anniversary of death Permanent resting places, priests for services Encouraged building of structures House families Pots, tools, clothing, educate children Evolved to include schools, libraries, theatres, museums Became manufacturing centers: stones, tools, weapons, wood Early Public Services Followed religious activities Political leaders chose permanent settlements Vulnerable for attack: needed soldiers Surround settlement with wall for defense Centers of military power Early Business Services Transportation Services Import food from other settlements Allowed access to wide variety of vegetation, animals, minerals Some settlements became neutral warehouse centers for surplus goods tor trade New services: setting prices, regulate trade, keep records, create currency system Services in Contemporary Rural Settlements Settlements surrounded by fields, where food was grown by planting & raising animals Most people live in rural settlements today Clustered Rural Settlements: number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses & farm buildings Dispersed rural settlements: contemporary North American rural landscape , farmers live on isolated farms, away from neighbors Clustered Rural Settlements Includes homes, barns, tool sheds, Consumer services: religious structures, schools, shops Public/Business services also present Each person allocated land for farming (rent/own) Land may be allocate for specific agric purpose Encourages living near farm settlements, less distance between fields Clustered Rural Settlements Satellite Settlement New settlements created when population grew Great Offley Little Offley Offley Grange Clustered within a few kilometers of each other Growth of Rural Settlements Fig. 12-3: The establishment of satellite settlements in a rural landscape over time is illustrated by the number of places named “Offley” in this area. Circular Rural Settlements Central open space Surrounded by structures Krall Villages in Southern Africa Livestock in center Surrounded by houses East Africa: Masai people German: Gewandorf settlement Seen in Von Thunen’s Model Circular Kraal Villages in Southern Africa Linear Rural Settlements Buildings clustered along a road, river, or dike to facilitate communications Fields extend behind buildings in long, narrow strips Seen along St Lawrence River in Quebec and lower Mississippi River , settled by the French “Long-Lot” Sytsem: houses along river Rural Settlement Patterns Fig. 12-4: Circular settlement patterns are common in Germany. Linear “long lot” patterns are often found along rivers in France, and were transferred to Québec. Clustered New England Town Newfane, Vermont is a clustered settlement with public buildings built around a common.
