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AP Human Geography
Urban
Test
1.
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Period____________________
The area of the city where retail and office activities are clustered is the
A. central business district
B. central city
C. urbanized area
D. metropolitan statistical area
E. zone in transition
2. The urban area contained within the official boundaries of the main city around
which the suburbs have been built is the
A. central business district
B. central city
C. urbanized area
D. metropolitan statistical area
E. zone in transition
3. Retail activities that tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have
A. a low threshold
B. a low range
C. services for office workers
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
4. Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of
A. competition for limited space
B. high threshold and range
C. less intensive land use
D. construction of skyscrapers
E. lack of parking
5. As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by
A. less intensive land use
B. construction of skyscrapers
C. competition for limited space
D. high threshold and range
E. low threshold and range
6. What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical
North American city?
A. government
B. industrial
C. office
D. retail
E. residential
7. European CBDs are similar to those in North America because typically they both
contain
A. retail and office activity
B. extensive residential areas
C. skyscrapers
D. structure inherited from medieval time
E. large parks
8. A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is
A. government
B. industrial
C. office
D. retail
E. entertainment
9. Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high
degree of
A. blockbusting
B. commuting
C. threshold
D. skyscrapers
E. apartments
10. According to Christaller’s model of central place theory, larger settlements are
_________ numerous and ___________ than small settlements
A. less; farther apart
B. more; farther apart
C. less; nearer to one another
D. more; nearer to one another
11. Central place theory ranks settlements in the following series, from smallest to
largest
A. hamlet, town, village city
B. village, town, hamlet, city
C. town, hamlet, city, village
D. city, town, village, hamlet
E. hamlet, village, town, city
12. According to central place theory, every settlement is a “central place” surrounded
by a
A. market area
B. threshold
C. hierarchy of cities
D. zone of limitation
E. uniform region
13. Larger
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
settlements are characterized by
more services than smaller settlements
services with larger ranges than smaller settlements
services with higher thresholds than those in smaller settlements
the opposite of all o the above
A, B, C, as written
14. The spread of a characteristic from settlement to settlement of the same rank
within Christaller’s central place theory illustrates what type of diffusion?
A. contagious
B. hierarchical
C. stimulus
D. relocation
E. cultural
15. The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is
A. hinterland
B. range
C. threshold
D. median
E. activity space
16. The minimum number of people needed to support a service in a city is
A. hinterland
B. range
C. threshold
D. median
D. activity space
17. In a country which follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city had 1,000,000
inhabitants, the fifth largest city would have how many inhabitants?
A. 50,000
B. 100,000
C. 200,000
D. 500,000
E. 5,000,000
18. If a country’s largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has
only 200,000 inhabitants, the country is said to have what kind of urban
distribution?
A. central place theory
B. economic base
C. rank-size distribution
D. subregional center
E. primate city
19. A “market area” (central city surrounded by hinterland) is a good example of what
kind of region?
A. cultural
B. formal (uniform)
C. functional (nodal)
D. vernacular (perceptual)
E. suburban
20. The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as
A. primate city form
B. satellite city model
C. gravity model
D. economic base of settlements
E. rank-size rule
21. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between
urbanization and the Industrial Revolution?
A. Urbanization promoted the Industrial Revolution
B. The Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization
C. Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by hundreds of years
D. Urbanization and the Industrial revolution are wholly unrelated
22. Which of the following statements regarding urbanization and the developed and
less-developed worlds is TRUE?
A. MDCs are approximately 75% urban while LDCs are 75 % rural
B. A greater percentage of the world’s largest cities are in MDCs
C. Latin America is the least highly urbanized region in the less-developed
world
D. Southeast Asia is the most highly urbanized region in the developed world
E. None are true
23. The process of legally adding land to a city is known as
A. annexation
B. Council of Government
C. metropolitan statistical area
D. blockbusting
E. urbanization
24. The city plus its contiguous built-up suburban rings is known as the
A. central city
B. urbanized area
C. metropolitan statistical area
D. consolidated metropolitan statistical area
25. In the united States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest
land area?
A. central business district
B. central city
C. urbanized area
D. metropolitan statistical area
E. consolidated metropolitan statistical area
26. According to sociologist Louis Wirth, urban areas are more likely than rural areas to
have
A. larger size populations
B. higher arithmetic densities
C. increased job specialization
D. none of the above
E. all of the above
27. Higher
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
social heterogeneity in an urban area settlement means that
the people with whom you relax are probably the same one you see at work
you play a specialized role in the urban economy
you must compete for limited space
you won’t feel lonely and isolated in a crowd
you feel more comfortable pursuing an unorthodox lifestyle
28. Megalopolis/conurbation refers to
A. adjacent, overlapping MSAs
B. central cities
C. consolidated metropolitan statistical areas
D. central city plus urbanized areas
E. cities with over 1,000,000 inhabitants
29. North America’s greatest megalopolis/conurbation extends from
A. San Francisco to San Diego
B. Boston to Washington D.C.
C. Gary, Indiana to Milwaukee
D. Pittsburg to Detroit
E. Miami to Ft. Lauderdale
30. A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money
for improvements is
A. blockbusting
B. filtering
C. gentrification
D. redlining
E. squatting
31. A process by which real estate agents convince white owners to sell their homes if
A. blockbusting
B. globalization
C. gentrification
D. redlining
E. squatting
32. Public housing is
A. conversion of low-income housing to middle-income housing
B. illegally established low-income housing
C. housing that has changed from single-family owner occupancy to
abandonment
D. low-income government housing
E. gentrified buildings
33. A process which results in the conversion of a low-income neighborhood to middle or
upper-class housing is
A. festival landscaping
B. restrictive covenants
C. gentrification
D. redlining
E. squatting
34. The zone in transition in US cities typically contains ALL BUT WHICH of the
following?
A. warehouses
B. gentrified buildings
C. public housing
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
35. In US
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cities the “underclass” is
clustered in inner-city neighborhoods
dispersed throughout the cities
clustered in the suburbs
distributed uniformly across the MSA
located mainly in rural fringe areas
36. Compared to Anglos, African-Americans and other minority groups are more likely to
be
A. clustered in inner-city neighborhoods
B. dispersed throughout the city
C. clustered in suburban rings
D. distributed uniformly across MSAs
E. located mainly in rural areas
37. A recent change in the density gradient of North American cities has been
A. the elimination of the gap traditionally found in the center
B. an increase in the extremes between inner and outer areas
C. an increase in the number of the people living in the center
D. a decrease in the total number of people in the suburban areas
E. a reduction in the density differences across all zones of the city
38. Compared to the United Kingdom, the amount of sprawl in the US is
A. greater
B. less
C. about the same
D. non-existent
E. difficult to measure
39. Sprawl is
A. change in density within an urban area from the center to the periphery
B. development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up
area
C. land maintained as open space surrounding an urban area
D. period in the morning and evening with the heaviest volume of traffic
40. British cities are surrounded by undeveloped space known as
A. greenbelts
B. public housing
C. sprawl
D. squatter settlements
E. brownfields
41. A process which has resulted in a form of legal segregation in American cities is
A. blockbusting
B. zoning
C. greenbelt construction
D. “smart growth”
E. redlining
42. People are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by
A. the best accessibility to the central city
B. lower opportunity for home ownership
C. private land surrounding the house
D. more social heterogeneity
E. the availability of gentrified neighborhoods
43. The largest percentage of the US population lives in
A. CBDs
B. the zone in transition
C. non-metropolitan areas
D. rural areas
E. suburban areas
44. The US government has encouraged the use of cars in part by
A. building interstate highways
B. charging high gasoline prices
C. constructing new subways
D. protecting prime agricultural land through legislation
E. eliminating tax breaks for home owners and giving them to renters
45. The major exception to the decline of the use of public transportation in American
cities is
A. the automobile
B. buses
C. rapid transit
D. streetcars and trolleys
E. none of the above
46. Public transportation is more extensive in Western European cities than in the US
primarily because
A. Europeans can’t afford cars
B. European governments heavily subsidize this form of transport
C. The overall density in urban areas is lower
D. The central cities contain few high rises
E. US cities have numerous pedestrian areas in the central city
47. In recent years, urban residents have grown increasingly more likely to shop and
work in
A. corner shops
B. downtown areas
C. gentrified neighborhoods
D. suburban “edge cities”
E. all of the above
48. Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of all the following
EXCEPT:
A. access to main highways
B. adequate space to build structures
C. availability of large tracts of relatively cheap land
D. proximity to retail areas
E. better truck access
49. According to the Concentric Zone Model of urban structure, a city develops in a
series of
A. corridors
B. nodes
C. rings
D. “spines”
E. all of the above
50. According to the Sector model, the best housing is located in
A. a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city
B. an outer ring around the city
C. a node near a university or park
D. a renovated inner city neighborhood
E. a suburb
51. According to the Multiple-Nuclei Model, the zone around an airport is likely to
attract nearby
A. industry
B. residential areas
C. shops
D. universities
E. rural use
52. Higher income people tend to live near the center of the city in all but which f the
following regions?
A. Latin America
B. North America
C. South Asia
D. Western Europe
E. none of the above
53. when the models of urban structure which were developed in the US are applied to
cities in South America, one conclusion is that
A. both lack high income neighborhoods
B. the multiple-nuclei model is difficult to classify
C. the poorest people live in completely different areas
D. the CBDs develop for different purposes
E. transportation has an opposite purpose
54. Ramshackle houses on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are known
as
A. squatter settlements
B. council estates
C. public housing
D. zones of transition
E. spines of development
55. Compared to the US, poor families in European cities are more likely to be
A. clustered in inner city neighborhoods
B. dispersed throughout the city
C. clustered in suburbs
D. distributed uniformly across the urban area
E. living in rural areas
56. The wide boulevards built in cities in LDCs were most likely built in what era?
A. pre-colonial
B. colonial
C. independence
D. medieval
E. all of the above equally